基于“时脏”理论探讨卒中后认知障碍的病因病机及治疗思路

Etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment ideas for post-stroke cognitive impairment based on the"season-visceral-related"theory

“时脏”理论源自《黄帝内经》,其内容蕴含中医学理论体系中“五脏一体”和“天人合一”的学术思想。近年来,随着脑卒中发病率不断上升,卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)的患病率逐渐升高。中医学认为,PSCI病位在脑,但痰、郁、虚、瘀等致病因素皆由五脏病损所致,因此,单纯从脑论治PSCI难免局限。本文基于“时脏”理论从四时五脏分别论述PSCI的病因、病机及治疗思路,春季气机失调则选用逍遥丸以疏肝解郁理气机,夏季血少神伤则选用天王补心丹以养血宁心安脑神,长夏脾虚痰阻则选用开心散以健脾醒神除瘀滞,秋季气少魄离则选用温肺降浊方以补肺降浊养神明,冬季髓减毒生则选用地黄饮子以豁痰填精益神智。从“时脏”理论论治PSCI体现出中医学整体观念与辨证论治思想,为PSCI的治疗提供新的方法与思考。

The"season-visceral-related"theory originated from Huangdi Neijing,and its content contains the"holism of five viscera"and"correspondence between nature and humans"in the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Recently,the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)has gradually increased with the increasing incidence of stroke.TCM believes that PSCI is located in the brain,however,the causative factors such as phlegm,depression,deficiency,and stasis are caused by the lesions of the five zang viscera.Therefore,PSCI can not be treated with the brain alone.Based on the"season-visceral-related"theory,this article discusses the etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment ideas for PSCI from the four seasons and five zang viscera.Xiaoyao Pill was selected as a treatment for patients with qi imbalance in spring to disperse stagnated liver qi to relieve qi stagnation.Tianwang Buxin Dan was selected as a treatment for patients with blood loss and spirit injury in the summer to nourish the blood and calm the heart and brain.Kaixin Powder was selected as a treatment for patients with spleen deficiency and phlegm blockage in late summer to strengthen the spleen,awaken the mind,and remove stasis.Wenfei Jiangzhuo Decoction was selected as a treatment for patients with qi deficiency and spirit departure in autumn to nourish the lungs,reduce turbidity,and nourish the mind.Dihuang Yinzi was selected as a treatment for patients with marrow reduction and internal toxin in winter to expel phlegm and fill the mind.Treating PSCI using the"season-visceral-related"theory reflects the overall concept of TCM and the hypothesis of syndrome differentiation and treatment and provides novel method for treating PSCI.