知识资本积累、空间溢出与城市群创新中心形成——以长三角城市群为例

Knowledge Capital Accumulation,Spatial Spillover,and the Emergence of Urban Agglomeration Innovation Center——A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

基于新经济地理学拓展的三地区局部溢出(LS)模型,对城市群创新中心的形成机制、结构特征和空间演化进行理论分析,然后对最具“创新城市群”特征的长三角城市群进行实证检验,结果显示:(1)城市群创新中心形成的循环累积因果关系在于知识资本积累,随着知识资本集聚,城市知识生产(创新)成本逐渐降低,进而促使知识资本更为内生地集聚,如此循环反复,最终促进了城市群创新中心形成;(2)知识资本空间溢出是创新中心形成的主导因素,城市群不同地区知识资本本地溢出和跨地溢出存在差异,进一步强化了城市群“创新中心—边缘城市”结构;(3)城市群创新互动在于创新中心知识溢出巩固了“群”结构,边缘城市的承接作用使得“中心”更具竞争力,进而提升了城市群整体福利水平;(4)在长三角城市群,本地市场效应和知识资本溢出效应促进了创新中心的形成,市场拥挤效应则起到了抑制作用。打造城市群创新中心是推动国家创新驱动发展战略和城市群创新发展格局的重要基石,文章为解决中心城市虹吸、优化配置创新资源提供了新思路,也为建设城市群创新体系、培育城市群创新中心提供了理论依据与决策参考。

Leveraging urban agglomeration innovation center to lead and guide innovation transformation and the construction of a modern industrial system holds significant importance for both the layout of an innovative nation and the guidance of ur‐ban agglomeration innovation.On the theoretical front,utilizing the expanded three-region Local Spillover(LS)model of New Economic Geography,which disrupts the initial two-region symmetric abstract spatial core setting of new economic geography,engages in theoretical analysis regarding the formation mechanism,structural characteristics,and spatial evolution of urban agglomeration innovation centers.The model exhibits a central feature of“local spillover-knowledge accumulation loop-innovation agglomeration”and emphasizes the“cluster”attribute of“inter-city local spillover-mutual reinforcement between cities-innovation space correlation”.It comprehensively considers the formation mechanism of urban agglomeration innovation centers under the combined effects of the“central”mechanism of knowledge circulation accumulation and the“cluster”mechanism of knowledge space spillover.At the empirical analysis level,conducting an empirical analysis on the 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban ag‐glomeration,from 2000 to 2020,characterized as the most innovative urban agglomeration,examines their knowledge of capi‐tal accumulation,spatial spillover mechanisms,and explores how urban agglomeration innovation centers radiate and drive peripheral cities,and how peripheral cities undertake the linkage mechanism of innovation overflow from innovation centers,as well as the mechanisms facilitating the formation of urban agglomeration innovation centers.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The causal relationship in the cyclical accumulation leading to the formation of urban agglomeration innovation centers lies in the knowledge capital accumulation.As knowledge capital accumulates,the cost of urban knowledge production(innovation)gradually decreases,thereby promoting the endogenous aggregation of knowl‐edge capital.This cycle repeats,ultimately facilitating the formation of urban agglomeration innovation centers;(2)Knowledge capital spatial spillover is the dominant factor in forming innovation centers.There are differences in local spillover and cross-regional spillover of knowledge capital in different regions of urban agglomerations,further reinforcing the“innovation center-peripheral city”structure;(3)The interaction of urban agglomeration innovation centers lies in the consolidation of the“cluster”structure through the overflow of knowledge from innovation centers,and the receptivity of peripheral cities en‐hances the competitiveness of the“center”,thereby improving the overall welfare level of the urban agglomeration;(4)In the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration,the effects of local market and knowledge capital spillover promote the formation of innovation centers,while market congestion effects play an inhibitory role.Fostering urban innovation centers is a pivotal cornerstone in advancing the national innovation-driven strategy and the development pattern of innovation within urban clusters.This discourse not only introduces novel perspectives to address the issue of central city“siphoning”and optimize the allocation of innovative resources but also furnishes a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for constructing an innovation system within urban clusters and nurturing innovation hubs within these clusters.