企业人工智能出口对全球价值链上游攀升和韧性的影响

The Impact of Enterprise's Artificial Intelligence Exports on Moving Up and Resilience of Global Value Chain

数字经济背景下,人工智能等数字技术能帮助企业实现全球价值链上游攀升、提升全球价值链韧性,是促使我国经济高质量发展、有效抵御全球冲击的重要抓手。文章采用微观企业层面数据,探究企业人工智能出口对全球价值链上游攀升的影响效应和作用机制,并进一步探讨了企业人工智能出口对全球价值链韧性的影响。研究发现:企业人工智能出口可有效促使企业向全球价值链上游攀升;经稳健性检验、内生性分析后,结果依然显著。该影响效应在不同贸易方式、企业所有制、不同行业及区域间具有显著异质性,表现为企业人工智能出口对一般贸易和混合贸易企业、外资及港澳台企业、中高技术行业及东部地区企业的全球价值链上游攀升效应更为突出。影响机制检验表明,企业人工智能出口主要通过提高总体资源配置效率、增强研发创新促使企业向全球价值链上游环节跃升。拓展性分析显示,企业人工智能出口可显著提升全球价值链韧性,主要体现在稳定已有链条、增强其韧性和安全性上。文章立足全球价值链上游攀升和韧性提高视角,为如何借助人工智能稳定高效地促使企业高质量发展提供了有益借鉴。

In the context of digital economy,how to move up the global value chain and enhance global value chain resilience with the help of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence is an important starting point to promote the high-quality development of China's economy and effectively resist global shocks.This paper explores the impact and mechanism of artificial intelligence(AI)exports on moving up the global value chain(GVC)at the micro enterprise level,and further explores the impact of AI exports on global value chain resilience.It is found that enterprise’s AI exports can effectively promote to move up the GVC,which are still significant after robustness test and endogeneity analysis.Moreover,it has heterogeneous effects on different trade modes,enterprise ownerships,industries and areas,as shown by the fact that enterprise’s AI exports are more likely to promote general trade and mixed trade enterprises,foreign investment and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan enterprises,medium and high-tech industries and enterprises in eastern regions to move up the GVC.The influence mechanism of enterprise’s AI exports on moving up the GVC is mainly reflected in two ways:improving overall resource allocation efficiency,enhancing R&D and innovation.The extended analysis shows that enterprise’s AI exports can significantly improve GVC resilience by stabilizing existing chains and enhancing their resilience and security.It provides useful reference for how to promote enterprise’s high-quality development with the help of artificial intelligence based on the perspective of moving up the GVC and GVC resilience.