星形胶质细胞吞噬作用在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

Research progress of astrocyte phagocytosis in Alzheimer′s disease

星形胶质细胞在阿尔茨海默病中被大量激活,吞噬受损的突触、Aβ蛋白、Tau蛋白、凋亡细胞等底物。然而,这些底物难以降解,并随着疾病发展逐渐积累,损害星形胶质细胞的吞噬能力。在吞噬过程中,星形胶质细胞通过多种吞噬受体识别不同的底物,并借助降解酶和溶酶体途径对底物进行部分降解。星形胶质细胞中积累的Aβ和Tau蛋白造成星形胶质细胞免疫和代谢紊乱,而Aβ毒性也在吞噬后发生改变。此外,星型胶质细胞与小胶质细胞形成互补模式,并通过相互作用协同完成吞噬。调控星形胶质细胞吞噬和降解途径可能成为新的阿尔茨海默病治疗靶点。

Astrocytes are heavily activated in Alzheimer′s disease,engulfing damaged synapses,Aβproteins,Tau proteins,apoptotic cells and other substrates.However,these substrates are difficult to degrade,accumulate as the disease progresses,and impair the phagocytosis of astrocytes.During phagocytosis,astrocytes recognize different substrates through a variety of phagocytosis receptors and partially degrade the substrates through degrading enzymes and lysosomal pathways.The accumulation of Aβand Tau proteins in astrocytes caused astrocyte immune and metabolic disorders,and Aβtoxicity changed after phagocytosis.In addition,astrocytes and microglia form a complementary pattern and cooperate to complete phagocytosis through interaction.Regulating the pathway of astrocyte phagocytosis and degradation is believed to be a potential novo therapeutic for clinical treatment of Alzheimer′s disease.