光催化膜的构筑及其在废水处理中的研究进展

Construction of photocatalytic membrane separation materials and its research progress in wastewater treatment

膜分离具有常温下可操作、分离效率高、对环境友好等特点,已在水处理领域得到了广泛的应用。然而悬浮物或可溶性物质形成的膜污染,限制了膜技术的进一步发展。光催化膜能利用光催化剂将膜上的污染物高效降解,提高膜分离效率和抗污染性能。基于此,首先介绍了用于制备光催化膜的光催化剂种类,包括金属氧化物、石墨相氮化碳、铋系材料和新型二维材料;综述了具有自清洁能力的光催化膜的两种构筑方法,成品膜的表面修饰和聚合物基质共混,并揭示膜的分离机制;列举了光催化膜在处理含染料、抗生素、新兴污染物等不同行业废水中的应用,并对其未来发展做出了展望,为高抗污染膜材料的开发提供了一定的参考。

Membrane separation has been widely used in the field of water treatment due to its characteristics such as operation at room temperature,high separation efficiency and environmental friendliness.However,membrane pollution caused by suspended substances or soluble substances in the feed solution limits the further development of membrane technology.Photocatalytic membrane can use photocatalyst to degrade the pollutants on the membrane efficiently and improve the separation efficiency and anti-pollution performance of the membrane.This paper firstly introduced the types of photocatalysts used for the preparation of photocatalytic membrane,including metal oxides,graphite phase carbon nitride,bismuth-based materials and new two-dimensional materials.Then the construction methods of photocatalytic membranes with self-cleaning ability(surface modification and matrix blending of membrane)were reviewed,and the pollutant removal mechanism of photocatalytic membrane was summarized.The application scenarios of photocatalytic membrane for dyes,antibiotics,emerging pollutants in wastewater treatment of different industries were listed.Finally,the article gave an outlook on its future development and provided a certain reference for the development of highly antipollution membrane materials.