城乡学校结对帮扶的实践转向、问题审视及未来路径

The Evolution of Practice,Challenges,and Prospects in Urban-Rural School Pairing Assistance

城乡学校结对帮扶是促进“城”与“乡”义务教育优质均衡发展的重要途径。基于布迪厄的场域理论和实践调研,发现城乡学校结对帮扶正在实现从“单向扶困”到“双向互惠”的双重场域转向,从“一元资本”到“多元资本”的资本共享转向和从“一方选择”到“多方统筹”的行为惯习转向。同时,城乡学校结对帮扶也存在场域位置引发城乡学校“弱连接”,资本竞逐带来学校、教师间纠葛,惯习迟滞招致教师心理失衡等诸多问题。针对这些问题,从教育行政部门、学校、教师三方面探讨未来发展路径。

The strategic pairing of urban and rural schools serves as a pivotal mechanism for advancing the equitable and highquality development of compulsory education across both urban and rural landscapes.Drawing upon Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and the concept of practice,this study identifies a transformative shift in the dynamics of school pairing.It highlights a transition from a unidirectional support model to a reciprocal relationship,an evolution in capital sharing from singular to diverse forms,and a behavioral shift from unilateral decision-making to a collaborative,comprehensive planning approach.Despite these advancements,challenges persist,including the weak integration between urban and rural schools due to spatial disparities,conflicts of interest arising from competitive capital allocation,and a psychological imbalance among teachers due to ingrained habits.To address these issues,the paper proposes a forward-looking approach for development,focusing on the roles of educational administration,schools,and teachers.