迈向数字化的低碳城市规划设计:碳排放评估工具演进与应用回顾

Towards Digitalized Urban Planning and Design of Low-Carbon Cities:Evolution and Application Review of Assessment Tools

面对全球气候变化带来的挑战,低碳城市建设成为不可避免的趋势。在向数字化低碳城市规划设计方向转型的过程中,碳排放量化评估是关键一环。然而,目前缺乏对应用于城市规划设计的碳排放评估工具的综合阐述和分析。因此,本文分别在城市尺度和片区/街区尺度上对多种典型的数字化碳排放评估工具进行了综述,并总结了工具评估的维度和参考依据。总的来说,现阶段基于能源系统规划和运营能耗模拟的评估工具仍占主导;随着碳排放预测的精细化发展趋势和脱碳政策重点的转变,基于用地类型和材料的碳排放预测和碳汇估算工具也发展迅速。然而,这些工具目前主要应用于能源规划设计、政府决策、建筑结构设计和材料选择,在城市规划设计实践项目中的应用有限,特别是在初期阶段。因此,本研究继而通过分析未应用数字化评估工具的低碳实践案例,指出了现有碳排放评估工具的应用局限性和潜在的发展方向:未来,应提高工具的灵活性和场景适应性,构建完善的数据库,兼顾运营碳、隐含碳和碳汇计算,契合多维度、多标准、全流程的评估需求。

Facing the challenges of global climate change,the construction of low-carbon cities has become an inevitable pathway,where carbon emission assessment is a critical part to the transition towards digitalized urban planning and design of low-carbon cities.However,comprehensive review on carbon assessment tools applied to urban planning and design is absent.As a response,this paper selected and reviewed typical digital assessment tools of carbon emissions at both the city and district/neighborhood scales,and summarized their measuring dimensions and reference data.Currently,tools based on energy system planning and operational energy simulation dominate the field,while tools for carbon emission and carbon sink estimations based on land use types or materials are rapidly developing due to the increasing refinement of carbon emission assessments and shifts of decarbonization policies.At present,these tools are primarily used in energy planning and design,governmental decision-making,and building structural design and material choice,and their application in urban planning and design practice,especially in the early stages,remains limited.Hence,this study further underscored the limitations and potential development directions of existing carbon emission assessment tools by case studying low-carbon practices worldwide that have not utilized digital assessment tools—in the future,improving tools'flexibility and adaptability for diverse scenarios,building comprehensive databases,incorporating the calculation of operational carbon,embedded carbon,and carbon sinks,and aligning with the needs for multi-dimensional,multi-criteria,and fullprocess assessments should be put into more efforts.