拓展燃烧范围:通过景观设计途径推进土地-火烧管理

The Expanding Burning Field:Advancing Land-Fire Stewardship in Landscape Architecture

近年来,气候变化加剧、土地利用变化及火灾机制改变等因素增加了灾难性野火的风险。为此,全球范围内开始越来越多地采用景观管理工具来应对此类问题,例如利用有益火烧来减少可燃物堆积、改善生物栖息地和支持生态文化活动。有益火烧包括多种形式,如文化火烧、计划火烧,以及允许自然野火在安全前提下燃尽。以往,从事景观规划与设计的专业人员往往通过空间设计来抑制和消除火烧,以防止火烧带来的负面影响。然而,本文强调了多方共同决策的必要性,认为应肯定并充分利用火烧的效用。文章探讨了景观设计师如何拓展他们的野火适应性工具箱,以整合土地-火烧管理技术。文章还指出,景观设计师应把握是否在易燃区域实施项目开发的决策主动权,与现有火烧管理者展开积极合作(获取相关经验或将其纳入项目团队),甚至亲身参与火烧管理工作。

In recent years,the convergence of accelerating climate change,land use changes,and modified fire regimes has escalated the risk of catastrophic wildfires.In response,landscape stewardship tools such as the application of beneficial fire are being increasingly employed worldwide to mitigate fuel accumulation,improve habitat,and support eco-cultural practices.Beneficial fire encompasses various forms,including cultural burns,prescribed burns,or simply allowing naturally-occurring wildfires to safely burn out.Historically,those involved in planning and designing landscapes have resisted the transformative power of fire by embracing spatial techniques that suppress and push fire away.However,this article highlights co-creative strategies that embrace and utilize pyric forces.It discusses how landscape architects can broaden their wildfire adaptation toolbox to incorporate land-fire stewardship techniques.The article also acknowledges the agency of landscape architects to pursue(or not pursue)projects in fire-prone areas,promotes collaboration with existing fire stewards to gain insights and include them as key members of project teams,and explores how landscape architects could become active stewards themselves.