重新发现中医传统:关于蒋熙德人类学研究的思考

Rediscovering the Chinese Medicine Tradition:Reflections on Volker Scheid's Anthropological Research

采用文献研究方法,旨在通过介绍西方中医蒋熙德(Volker Scheid)及其人类学研究,探索中医的传统和现代化问题。蒋熙德关于当代中国的中医的研究说明,中医的传统具有多元性、可塑性和统一性的特征,这种多元性包含了可塑性,并存在于每个阶段的各个方面,且这种可塑性又使得多元性之中蕴含了暂时的统一性。蒋熙德关于孟河医学源流的研究说明了医派的传统是如何产生和延续的,并提出传统的本质是一种互惠的网络,它的生命力来源于网络中各种关系的紧密程度。因此,对于中医来说,“现代”是“传统”的自然延伸;中医的现代化应该是多元的,并且通过“不破而立”的传承创新使中医的传统获得生长;选择和利用新的知识、工具和话语解决当前具体的健康问题,将为中医传统注入新的活力,并将同时实现中医的现代化。

This article adopts literature research methods and aims to explore the tradition and modernization of Chinese medicine by introducing Western Chinese medicine practitioner Volker Scheid and his anthropological research.Volker Scheid's research on Chinese medicine in contemporary China shows that the tradition of Chinese medicine is characterized by plurality,plasticity and synthesis.This plurality includes plasticity and exists in all aspects of each stage,and this plasticity makes plurality possible,in which temporal unity(synthesis)is also contained.Volker Scheid's research on the origins of Menghe medicine explained how the tradition of Chinese medicine came into being,continued,and proposed that the essence of tradition is a reciprocal network,and its vitality comes from the closeness of various relationships in the network.Therefore,for Chinese medicine,"modern"is a natural extension of"tradition";the modernization of Chinese medicine should be plural,and the tradition of Chinese medicine can grow through the inheritance and innovation of"establishing without breaking";selecting and utilizing new knowledge,tools and discourse to address current specific health issues will inject new vitality into the Chinese medicine tradition and will simultaneously modernize Chinese medicine.