葛洪医学身体观初探

A Preliminary Exploration of Ge Hong's Medical Body View

葛洪作为魏晋时期的道教理论家、医学家、养生学家,其医学身体观主要涵括于《抱朴子》尤其是《内篇》中,充分展示了葛洪的医学身体观,是我国医学身体观发展史上的重要组成部分。葛洪以“玄”“道”为本体,通过“一”这一基质连接万物,形成了“玄、道—一—万物”的宇宙生化模式,将身体纳入这一生化系统中,认为人身禀受“玄”“道”,“感气而生”,以“气—形—神”为医学身体建构模式,形神并重。葛洪认为“寿命在我”,形成了以身体“不伤不损”为前提、“我命由我不由天”的身体养护理念,并将这一养护理念融入方方面面,小至日常生活,大至治国理政,悉数具备。其“旧身不改”“仙化不死”的思想为身体建构了生命无限的理想境界,内涵深刻,意蕴丰富。葛洪医学身体观对中国医学身体观的建构影响深远,而且对中国医学理论、疾病预防、养生保健等产生了广泛影响。

As a Taoist theorist,medical expert,and health expert during the Wei and Jin dynasties,Ge Hong's medical body view is mainly included in Baopuzi,especially in Neipian which fully demonstrates Ge Hong's medical body view,and is an important component of the development history of medical body view in China.Ge Hong takes"Xuan"and"Dao"as the ontology,connecting all things through the matrix of"One",forming a cosmic biochemical model of"Xuan,Dao—One—All Things".He incorporates the body into this biochemical system,believing that the human body is born from"Xuan","Dao",and"feeling Qi".He constructs the medical body model of"Qi,Body and Spirit",emphasizing both body and spirit;Ge Hong believes that"the length of my lifespan depends on me"and forms a body care concept based on the premise of"no harm,no damage"to the body,and"my life is determined by me,not by heaven".He integrates this care concept into every aspect,from daily life to governance,all of which are possessed;the idea of"not changing the old body"and"immortalization not dying"has constructed an ideal realm of infinite life for the body,with profound connotations and rich connotations.Ge Hong's medical body view has a profound impact on the construction of Chinese medical body view,and has a wide-ranging influence on Chinese medical theory,disease prevention,health care,and more.