贺兰山榆斑蛾生物学特性及发生规律研究

Research on the Biological Characteristics and Occurrence Regularity of Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser in Helan Mountain

近年来,榆斑蛾(Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser)成为危害贺兰山灰榆(Ulmus glaucescens Franch.)的主要害虫之一,榆斑蛾的发生致使该地区灰榆林相、景观受到严重影响,也影响了贺兰山的生态环境。2018—2020年5—8月连续3年,对室内饲养的榆斑蛾生物学特性进行了研究,调查分析了榆斑蛾在该地区发生规律及危害情况。结果表明,榆斑蛾在贺兰山地区1年发生1代,以蛹越冬,蛹期长达10个月;6月中旬开始羽化,6月底达到羽化高峰期,7月中旬羽化接近尾声;7月中旬到8月中旬为幼虫危害高峰期,8月下旬老熟幼虫吐丝下树于岩石缝隙中结茧化蛹。调查期间各沟道灰榆均受到榆斑蛾不同程度危害,2018年榆斑蛾危害等级为较重灾害。初步分析认为危害原因为林分结构简单、气候因素以及矿产资源开发。研究结果可为榆斑蛾的监测防治提供参考。

In recent years,Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser has become one of the main of pests Ulmus glaucescens Franch.in Helan Mountain.The occurrence of Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser has seriously affected the landscape of Ulmus glaucescens Franch.forest in this area,and also harmed the ecological environment of Helan Mountain.From May to August of 2018 to 2020,the biological characteristics of Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser were studied by indoor breeding,and the occurrence regularity and damage of Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser in this area were investigated.The results showed that there were one generation a year in Helan Mountain,and the pupa overwintered for 10 months.Eclosion begins in mid-June,reaches its peak at the end of June,and comes to an end in mid-July.The peak of larval damage is from mid-July to mid-August.In late August,the mature larva spins silk under trees and forms cocoon and pupate in rock crevices.During the investigation period,Ulmus glaucescens Franch.in all channels were affected by Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser in different degrees,and the damage grade of Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser was relatively serious in 2018.Preliminary analysis of damage causes are simple stand structure,climate factors and coal mine overexploitation.These results can provide support for the monitoring and control of Iuiberis ulrmivora Graeser.