提质增效:主渠道目标下行政复议前置制度的争议与优化

Quality and Efficiency Improvement:Controversy and Optimization of Preposition System of Administrative Reconsideration under the Goals of Main Channels

新修订的《中华人民共和国行政复议法》及时回应了行政复议前置制度的理论争议,在继续遵循“以当事人自由选择为原则,行政复议前置为例外”的自由选择模式下,对行政复议前置事项进行了相应的优化调整,将当场作出的行政处罚决定、政府信息不予公开、行政不作为事项纳入了前置范围,以推动行政复议发挥主渠道作用。但是,从行政复议前置制度自身的特点和我国国情来看,行政复议前置仍有进一步提质增效的空间,建议后续进一步扩大政府信息公开争议的复议前置范围、限缩行政复议前置的设定权限为法律、利用好府院联动、信访分流机制对行政争议的合理性问题优先通过行政复议处理,最终形成“大复议、中诉讼、小信访”的行政争议治理格局。

The newly revised Administrative Reconsideration Law of the People's Republic of China responds to the theoretical controversy over the preposition system of administrative reconsideration in a timely manner.Continuing to follow the free choice mode of“taking the free choice of the parties as the principle and the preposition of administrative reconsideration as the exception”,the law optimizes and adjusts the items that need to be prepositioned in administrative reconsideration.Decisions made on the spot,the non-disclosure of government information,and the administrative inaction and the like are included in the scope of preposition of administrative reconsideration so as to promote the role of administrative reconsideration as the main channel.However,from the perspective of the characteristics of the pre-administrative reconsideration system itself and China's national conditions,there is still room for further improving the quality and efficiency of the preposition system of administrative reconsideration.It is thereby suggested that the scope of preposition of government information disclosure disputes should be further expanded,the preposition authority of administrative reconsideration be exclusive to law,and the rationality of administrative disputes should be handled through administrative reconsideration by making good use of the government-court coordination and the mechanism of diversion of letters and visits,thus finally forming an administrative dispute governance pattern of“large reconsideration,medium litigation,and small petitions”.