新型文明观:“文明互鉴论”对“文明冲突论”的历史性超越

A New Concept of Civilization:Historical Transcendence of“Thought on Mutual Learning between Civilizations”over“Clash of Civilizations Theory”

人类历史是文明交往的历史,在不同历史观的主导下有着截然不同的文明交往理念。以“欧洲中心史观”为基石的“文明冲突论”,用“异质—冲突”的模式推演了人类文明的历史走向,用“挑战—应战”的方式标识了文明互动的历史过程,用“特质—霸权”的概念置换了文明交往的政治意图,使人类文明交往在欧洲中心主义设置的历史中迷失方向。以“世界历史观”为依据的“文明互鉴论”,将人类文明共生作为前提,注重推动人类文明自我更新和创新发展,赋予人类文明历史生命力,为人类文明交往树立了新轴向。“文明互鉴论”克服了“文明冲突论”主导下文明交往的历史局限性,从历时—共时—即时的历史叙事中表现出对“文明冲突论”的超越性蕴涵。在历时之维,“文明互鉴论”推动了民族国家本位主义向国际主义的范式质变;在共时之维,“文明互鉴论”实现了现代文明反向性建构向人类文明新形态的运动转化;在即时之维,“文明互鉴论”推进了西方现代文明向多元现代文明交往的结构跃升。

Human history is the history of exchanges between civilizations.Concepts of exchanges between civilizations vary with different historical views.The“clash of civilizations theory”based on the“Eurocentric Historical View”deduces the historical direction of human civilization from the“heterogeneous conflict”model,identifies the historical process of civilization exchanges through“challenges and responding to the challenges”approach,and replaces the concept of“trait hegemony”with the political intention of civilization exchanges,causing human civilization exchanges to lose its direction in the history set by Eurocentrism.The thought on“mutual learning between civilizations”based on the“worldview of history”takes the coexistence of human civilization as a premise,focuses on promoting the self-renewal and innovative development of human civilization,endows human civilization with historical vitality,and sets a new axis for exchanges between civilizations.The thought on mutual learning between civilizations overcomes the historical limitations of civilization exchanges from the perspective of the clash of civilizations theory,and demonstrates the transcendent implications of the clash of civilizations theory from the historical narrative of“diachronicity,synchronicity,and immediacy”.From a historical perspective,the thought on mutual learning between civilizations has driven a qualitative shift from nationalism to internationalism.On the immediate dimension,the“thought on mutual learning between civilizations”promotes a structural leap from the attachment of Western modern civilization to the exchange of diverse modern civilizations.In terms of synchronicity,the thought on mutual learning between civilizations achieves a transformation from the reverse construction of modern civilization to a new form of human civilization.