澳大利亚、新西兰文博政策及行业发展研究

Research on Cultural Policy and Industry Development in Australia and New Zealand

澳大利亚、新西兰的博物馆建设自19世纪始。20世纪澳、新两国先后独立,在经历了一系列社会、政治、经济变革之后,两国博物馆在政府的支持下进入繁荣发展阶段。目前,两国博物馆数量众多,除隶属于各级政府的博物馆外,大部分地方博物馆由志愿者管理。两国在文化政策和博物馆管理体制方面有很多相似之处,都注重文化立法,支持艺术创新,实行理事会制度,承认原住民文化地位并支持归还原住民文物。作为移民国家,两国博物馆在运营管理和业务活动中均体现出多元文化特征,其对原住民文化艺术的强调,以及对独特自然环境的研究等尤其具有特色。两国博物馆在文物收藏、展览设计、社会教育等领域的丰富经验,可供博物馆行业发展参考借鉴。

The establishment of museums in Australia and New Zealand dates back to the 19th century.In the 20th century,Australia and New Zealand gained independence With the support of the govemment and following a series of social,political and economic changes,museums in both countries have entered a stage of prosperity and development.Australia and New Zealand are home to a large number of museums.Except for those managed by the govermment,the majority of local museums are run by volunters.The two countries share many similarities in cultural policies and museum management systems:focus on cultural legislation,support for artistic innovation,implementation of a council system,recognition of indigenous cultural status and support for the return of indigenous artifacts.Museums in these two immigrant countries embody multi-cultural characteristics in operation,management and functions,especially the emphasis on indigenous culture and art,as wellas the study of unique natural environment.Museums in both countries have rich experience in the fields of collection,exhibition and social education which can be used as a reference for the development of the museum sector.