《白牙》中的技术、身体与后人类生命伦理

Technology,Body,and Posthuman Bioethics in White Teeth

后人类生命伦理的中心议题是技术与身体的关系,究其根源与人类的自我认知紧密相关。英国作家扎迪·史密斯在小说《白牙》中,围绕这一中心议题探讨不同生命伦理观的内涵及可行性。超人类主义者主张利用技术提升身体机能,但对技术的盲目崇拜缺乏必要的道德导向。抵制通过技术改造身体的生物保守主义伦理观则因其内在的身体性及时间性矛盾而无法顺应时代发展趋势。相较之下,敬畏生命的批判性后人类主义立场以具体且开放的态度看待技术并解构等级化的生命形式,对构建与技术共存、与非人类共生的后人类生命伦理具有重要启示意义。

The central issue of posthuman bioethics is the relationship between technology and the body,the root of which is closely related to human self-perception.In White Teeth,British writer Zadie Smith explores the connotation and feasibility of different bioethics.Transhumanists advocate body enhancement through technology,but the excessive worship of technology lacks moral direction.Conservative bioethics,which strongly resists technological transformation of the body,fails to conform to the trend of current society due to its inherent physical and temporal contradictions.In contrast,the critical posthuman stance of reverence for life treats technology in a concrete and openminded manner and deconstructs the hierarchical form of life,which has important implications for the construction of posthuman bioethics,advocating that humans should coexist with both technology and nonhumans.