构建生命共同体:奇幻文学的生物符号学研究

Constructing a Community of Organism:A Biosemiotic Study of Fantasy Literature

本文借用生物符号学的相关理论来探讨奇幻文学对生命共同体的书写。在奇幻文学中,叙述者可将自我非人类化,从其他生物的视角去观察和体验其主观世界;由于“魔法”,奇幻世界中的他物种可以通过参与人类的符号活动,将不同环境界的符号翻译成彼此能识别的符号,与人类共建彼此的环境界;奇幻世界是不同物种栖居之所,它将人类与其他物种的环境界彼此勾连,使不同物种对世界的认知形成互补;奇幻文学书写了一种人与自然的新型关系。既然人与所有生命体都生活在一个巨大的符号关系网中,那么在建构二度自然时,人类不仅可以将自然纳入自己,也可以将自己融入自然,建构人类与自然界万物共生的生命共同体。

This paper aims to explore the community of organism in fantasy literature from the perspective of biosemiotics.In the genre of fantasy,narrators can adopt a nonhuman perspective,allowing themselves to observe and experience the world through the eyes of other species.Because of the magical element,nonhuman species within the fantastical world can engage in human semiotic practices,enabling the translation of signs from varied Umwelten(surrounding environments)into mutually intelligible signs,thereby co-creating a shared Umwelt with humans.The fantasy world serves as a common habitat for multiple species,intertwining different Umwelten of human and nonhuman beings,and fostering complementary perceptions of the world among different species.Fantasy literature hence heralds a new paradigm in human-nature relationships.Recognizing that humans exist within an extensive network of signs with all living beings,the construction of a"second nature"entails not only the incorporation of nature into the human but also the integration of the human into nature.This process fosters the community of organism,where all creatures in the natural world enjoy an equal position.