中国传统村落与乡村旅游重点村的空间关系及形成机理研究

Research on the spatial relationship between traditional villages and key rural tourism villages in China and their formation mechanism

传统村落作为特殊的乡村地理单元,拥有丰富的资源禀赋,但由于经济落后,大多数未能得到较好的发展。乡村振兴背景下,乡村旅游成为重要的发展业态,国家政策导向下全国乡村旅游重点村得以提出,如何发掘传统村落与乡村旅游的内在关联和逻辑,成为亟待解决的重要问题。以六批传统村落和四批乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,剖析二者之间的空间关系,为实现传统村落的有序开发与活化利用提供依据。结果表明:(1)传统村落和乡村旅游重点村总体上呈胡焕庸线东侧分布多、胡焕庸线西侧分布少的空间格局;(2)乡村旅游重点村密度高—传统村落密度高的聚类区域分布在浙皖闽赣聚集区、黔桂湘渝聚集区和晋冀豫聚集区;高—低类区域分布在京津冀地区和苏皖交界处;低—高类区域分布在湘黔桂交界处和云南部分地区;低—低类区域分布在东北地区和西部地区;(3)传统村落和乡村旅游重点村的空间关系受社会经济环境、历史文化环境和政府政策环境等因素影响。

Traditional villages,as special rural geographical units,are endowed with rich resources,but most of them have failed to be better developed due to backward economic development.Under the background of rural revitalization,rural tourism has become an important development industry,and key rural tourism villages have been put forward under the national policy orientation.How to discover the intrinsic connection and logic between traditional villages and rural tourism is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.This paper took six batches of traditional villages and four batches of key rural tourism villages as research objects,analyzed the spatial relationship between them,and provided basis for realizing the orderly development and adaptive use of traditional villages.The results showed that:①Traditional villages and key rural tourism villages were generally distributed more on the east side of the Hu Huanyong line and less on the west side of the Huanyong line.②The clustering areas with high density of key rural tourism villages and high density of traditional villages were distributed in the Zhejiang-Anhui-Fujian-Jiangxi region,Guizhou-Guangxi-Hunan-Chongqing region,and Shanxi-Hebei-Henan region.The clustered areas with high density of key rural tourism villages and low density of traditional villages were mainly located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as well as the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui.The clustered areas with low density of key rural tourism villages and high density of traditional villages were mainly distributed in the junction of Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi and parts of Yunnan.The clustering areas with low density of key rural tourism villages and low density of traditional villages were mainly located in the northeast regions and western regions.③The spatial relationship between traditional villages and key rural tourism villages was influenced by the socio-economic environment,the historical and cultural environment and the government policy environment.