山西省文化遗产时空演化特征及影响因素研究——以文物保护单位为例

Study on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of cultural heritage in Shanxi Province——Taking cultural relics protection units as an example

文物保护单位是文化遗产的物质载体,研究文物保护单位的时空分布特征及其成因对于文化遗产的保护和传承意义重大。运用ArcGIS地理空间分析方法对山西省1 518处文物保护单位进行分析,归纳其时空分布规律。研究表明:(1)各时期文物保护单位数量呈现出前中期数量较少,中后期数量激增的趋势,宋元明清时期数量最多,且各时期的文物保护单位类型分布具有很强的时代性;(2)各时期文物保护单位分布重心的空间移动距离逐渐减小,重心移动方向呈现出先向北、再向南、再向北移动的趋势;(3)文物保护单位总体来看呈现出密集区、较密集区和较稀疏区的分布格局,各时期均呈现集聚分布的状态,且不同历史时期的分布状态各不相同;(4)运用地理探测器的分析方法可知历史文化与政治、河流水系、交通道路、坡度4个因素深刻影响着文物保护单位的产生、类型、数量和时空分布格局。最后,从保护策略、学科交叉、缓冲带和数据库的构建、资源联动等方面对文物保护单位的保护和利用提出了对策。

As the material carrier of cultural heritage,it was of great significance for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage to study the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution of heritage conservation units and their influencing factors.Taking 1518 cultural relic protection units in Shanxi Province as the research objects,this paper discussed their patterns of spatial-temporal distribution by ArcGIS geospatial analysis method.The results showed that:①The number of cultural relics protection units in each historical period showed a trend of a small number in the first and middle periods and a surge in the middle and late periods,with the largest number in the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing periods,and the distribution of the types of cultural relics protection units in each period had a strong epochal character.②The spatial movement of the center of gravity of the distribution of heritage conservation units in the various historical periods has gradually decreased,and the direction of movement of the center of gravity has shown a tendency to move northwards,then southwards,and then northwards.③The overall view of heritage conservation units presented in the distribution pattern of intensive,more intensive,and sparse areas,each historical period presented in the state of cluster distribution,and the distribution of different historical periods were different.④Using the analyses of geo-detector,it was found that four factors,namely,history,culture and politics,river and water systems,transport routes,and gradient,profoundly affected the emergence,type,number,and spatial and temporal distribution patterns of heritage conservation units.Finally,this paper proposed countermeasures for the conservation and utilization of heritage conservation units in terms of conservation strategies,cross-discipline,buffer zone and database construction,and resource linkage.