煤层顶板深孔预裂爆破新型封孔材料及填塞效果研究

New sealing materials and packing effect of deep hole pre-splitting blasting in coal seam roofs

针对爆破作业时传统黏土炮泥填塞深孔炮孔环节存在劳动强度大、填塞进度慢、炮泥运输费用高等问题,研制一种输送方便、固结时间短、封孔效率高的新型填塞材料,同时以黏土炮泥的封孔性能为对比对象,研究新型填塞材料的基本性能和封孔效率。研究结果表明:新型填塞材料的凝结时间随着水灰比的增大而增大,且材料水化反应最大放热温度为65.6℃,该温度对于炮孔封堵来说是安全的;新型填塞材料的单轴抗压强度随水灰比的增大而减小、随龄期的增长而增大,且其强度远高于黏土炮泥材料;在静载压缩作用下,新型填塞材料和黏土炮泥材料的填塞能力都随填塞长度的增加呈指数函数趋势增加,但新型填塞材料的填塞效果远高于黏土炮泥;新型填塞材料的填塞能力随填塞长度增加的速率远大于随龄期增长的速率。研究成果可为深炮孔高效封孔工艺提供一定的理论参考。

Aiming at solving the problems of heavy labor intensity,slow filling progress and high transportation cost of deep hole filling with traditional clay stemming during blasting operation,a new packing material for convenient transportation,fast consolidation and high sealing efficiency was expected.We used the sealing performance of clay stemming as a comparison target to study the basic property and sealing efficiency of a novel material.The results revealed that the setting time of the new packing material will be longer with the increase of water-cement ratio,and the maximum heat release temperature of the material hydration reaction is 65.6℃,which is safe for the hole plugging.The uniaxial compressive strength of the new packing material will reduce while the water-cement ratio increasing,and that will increase while materials aging,and its strength is much higher than that of clay stemming material.Under static load compression,the filling capacity of the novel packing and clay stemming materials will both increase exponentially with the filling length increase,but the filling effect of the new packing material is much better than that of clay stemming.The increasing speed of filling capacity with the packing length increase far outweighs that with aging.The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the high-efficiency sealing process of large and deep holes.