星形胶质细胞外囊泡在阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

Research Progress on Astrocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种以进行性认知功能障碍和行为损害为特征的中枢神经系统退行性病变,大约占痴呆病例的70%,目前尚未发现治愈方法,仍然以对症治疗为主要治疗方案。星形胶质细胞外囊泡(ADEVs)中含有蛋白质、核酸、脂质等多种成分,是一种细胞间通信的重要方式。ADEVs在生理条件下通过维持神经元活性、促进神经发生和增强突触可塑性等过程改善AD,在病理条件下参与促进神经炎症及抑制神经突生长等过程加剧AD病理。就ADEVs对AD发展的多方面影响进行综述,以期为ADEVs治疗AD的潜在用途提供理论依据。

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment,accounting for approximately 70%of all caese of dementia.Currently,no cure has been identified,and the predominant treatment approach remains symptomatic relief.Astrocytederived extracellular vesicles(ADEVs),which contain diverse components such as proteins,nucleic acids,and lipids,serve as a critical mode of intercellular communication.Under physiological conditions,ADEVs contribute to the amelioration of AD by maintaining neuronal activity,promoting neurogenesis,and enhancing synaptic plasticity.Conversely,under pathological conditions,they participate in exacerbating AD pathology by promoting neuroinflammation and inhibiting neuronal dendritic growth.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the multiple effects of ADEVs on the development of AD,and aims to provide a theoretical basis for the potential use of ADEVs in the treatment of AD.