大宗肉类产品对畜牧业产值的影响分析——以“一带一路”背景下的新疆和田为例

Analysis of the impact of bulk meat products on the output value of animal husbandry——Take Hotan,Xinjiang,under the background of“the Belt and Road”as an example

随着国家“一带一路”倡议的逐步深化,为了探明新疆和田地区大宗肉类产品对畜牧业产值的贡献大小以及相对于新疆全域是否具有比较优势,基于2010-2021年新疆和田地区及全域相关数据,采用灰色关联分析法和改进的综合比较优势指数法对和田地区大宗肉类产品进行了研究。结果表明:和田地区5种大宗肉类产品与畜牧业产值都属于强关联,且产值贡献大小为马、猪、牛、绵羊、山羊;2010-2021年期间和田地区绵羊的规模比较优势总体呈上升趋势,效率比较优势则总体有所下降,马和猪的规模比较优势、效率比较优势总体变化相对平稳,且处于极低的水平;和田地区绵羊的综合比较优势在新疆全域范围内排在第二位,且效率比较优势较之规模比较优势更加突出,其余4种均不具有比较优势。说明要持续加大绵羊产业发展力度,科学地对品种、饲料、饲养管理等环节层层把关,实施遗传改良计划,加大信息化在绵羊养殖、管理、销售中的应用,使其继续保持优势地位;同时,要不断缩小牛、马、猪、山羊等产业发展差距,提高农牧民科学文化素质,加大养殖技术培训力度,大力推广与普及畜牧业生产技术,从根本上解决劣势产业发展的差距。

This study is conducted to find out the contribution of the bulk meat products to the output value of animal husbandry in Hotan,Xinjiang and whether it has a comparative advantage that relative to the whole region of Xinjiang.Based on the data that related to the Hotan region and the whole region of Xinjiang from 2010 to 2021,the bulk meat products in the Hotan reg ion were studied by the gray correlation analysis method and the improved comprehensive comparative advantage index method.The results show that:the 5 kinds of bulk meat products in Hotan region are strongly correlated with the output value of animal husbandry,and the 5 kinds of bulk meat products’contribution of the output value is in the order of horse>pig>cattle>sheep>goat;During the period from 2010 to 2021,the comparative advantage of scale for the sheep in the Hotan region showed an upward trend on the whole,while the comparative advantage efficiency has decreased somewhat in general.The overall changes in the comparative advantage of scale and the comparative advantage of efficiency for the horse and the pig are relatively smoothly and remained at a very low level;The comprehensive comparative advantage of the sheep in the Hotan region is in the second place in the whole area of Xinjiang,with the comparative advantage of efficiency being more prominent than the comparative advantage of scale,while the remaining four species do not have the comparative advantages.All above indicate that it is necessary to continue to strengthen the development of the sheep industry,scientifically control the variety,feed,breeding management,and other links at all levels,implement genetic improvement plans,and accelerate the application of informatization in the sheep breeding,management,and marketing,so as to continue to maintain a dominant position;At the same time,it is important to continuously narrow the gap among the development of the cattle,the horse,the pigs,the goat,and other industries,improve the scientific and cultural literacy of farmers and herdsmen,intensify the training in breeding technology,and vigorously promote and popularize the production technology of animal husbandry,so that the gap in the development of the inferior position industries can be solved from the ground up.