除屋檐冰棱机的设计及优化

Design and Optimization of Eaves Ice Edge Removal Machine

【目的】我国北方严寒地区屋檐下易形成冰棱,自然坠落的冰棱严重威胁行人安全,有必要设计一种除屋檐冰棱机来去除屋檐的冰棱,以提高行人在冬季出行的安全性,并期望能为面临类似气候问题的地区提供有效的安全防护方案。【方法】首先,设计一种除屋檐冰棱机,包括直线往复夹紧的除冰机构、丝杠升降机构、锥齿轮传动机构和激光测距控制系统。其次,以机构的体积小、效率高和滑动率小为目标函数,优化设计主传动的锥齿轮机构。最后,利用有限元分析主运动锥齿轮的强度。【结果】在满足边界条件、齿面接触疲劳强度和齿根弯曲疲劳强度条件下,该除屋檐冰棱机的尺寸紧凑、传动提高、传动效率和寿命增加,优化设计结果明显。【结论】该设计大大提升了工作效率、节省人力,有效地解决了冬季冰棱问题。同时其结构简单、自动化程度高、清洁环保,符合现代机械设计的工艺要求。

[Purposes]Ice edges are easily formed under the eaves in the cold regions of northern China,and naturally falling ice edges pose a serious threat to pedestrian safety.It is necessary to design a ma⁃chine to remove the ice edges from the eaves,in order to improve pedestrian safety in winter and provide effective safety protection solutions for areas facing similar climate problems.[Methods]Firstly,a drive mechanism composed of a linear reciprocating deicing mechanism,a screw lifting mechanism,a bevel gear drive mechanism and a laser distance measuring control system is designed.Secondly,taking the small size,high efficiency and small slip rate of the mechanism as the objective function,the bevel gear mechanism of the main drive is optimized and designed.[Findings]The optimized de⁃sign results are obvious when boundary conditions,tooth contact fatigue strength and bending fatigue strength are satisfied.These include compact dimensions,increased transmission efficiency and longer life.[Conclusions]It can also solve the problem of ice edges effectively in winter,meanwhile,im⁃prove the operation efficiency and save manpower greatly.Furthermore,the structure is simple,highly automated,clean and environmentally friendly,and conforms to the process requirements of modern mechanical design.