氮磷调控对高芥酸油菜产量和品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus regulation on yield and quality of high erucic acid rape(Brassica napus L.)

[目的]本试验通过研究不同氮磷肥互作处理下高芥酸油菜的产量和品质,以期探明适应高芥酸油菜品种稳产提质的氮磷肥施用处理。[方法]以高芥酸型油菜‘绵油309’为试验材料,分别设置0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0)、60 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)、120 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)、180 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)4个氮肥水平和0 kg·hm^(-2)(P0)、45 kg·hm^(-2)(P1)、90 kg·hm^(-2)(P2)、120 kg·hm^(-2)(P3)4个磷肥水平,共16个处理,比较不同氮磷水平对高芥酸油菜产量及品质的影响。[结果]氮磷肥通过影响单株角果数、每角果粒数和千粒重进而影响油菜产量,2020年和2021年均在N3P2处理下产量达到最大值,2020年最大值为2848.7 kg·hm^(-2),比最小值(929.4 kg·hm^(-2))增产206.5%,2021年最大值为2908.3 kg·hm^(-2),比最小值(927.4 kg·hm^(-2))增产213.6%。2020和2021年在N3P2处理下菜籽油产量最高达1144.0、1353.1 kg·hm^(-2),芥酸产量最高分别为582.5、685.8 kg·hm^(-2)。氮肥对高芥酸油菜的含油量具有极显著影响,2年均在N2条件下含油量最高(41%~42%);氮磷肥对菜籽油中芥酸含量均具有极显著影响,2年均在N2P2处理下达到最大值55.0%。[结论]合理的施用氮肥和磷肥能够显著提高油菜的产量和品质,从而达到增产增收的目的。在生产过程中‘绵油309’作为芥酸加工型油菜,当施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)和施磷量为90 kg·hm^(-2)时可以实现较高的产量和较好的品质。

[Objectives]This experiment aimed to investigate the yield and quality of high erucic acid rape under different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer interactions,in order to identify nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application treatments that were suitable for stable yield and quality improvement of high erucic acid rape varieties.[Methods]This experiment using high erucic acid rape‘Mianyou 309’as the material,set up 4 nitrogen fertilizer levels(N0:0 kg·hm^(-2),N1:60 kg·hm^(-2),N2:120 kg·hm^(-2),N3:180 kg·hm^(-2))and 4 phosphorus fertilizer levels(P0:0 kg·hm^(-2),P1:45 kg·hm^(-2),P2:90 kg·hm^(-2),P3:120 kg·hm^(-2)),totaling 16 treatments.This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus interactions on the yield and quality of high erucic acid rape.[Results]The application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer affected the number of pods,seeds per pod and thousand seed weight per plant,thereby affecting the yield of rape.The yield reached its maximum value under N3P2 treatment in 2020 and 2021,with a maximum value of 2848.7 kg·hm^(-2) in 2020,an increase of 206.5%compared with the minimum value of 929.4 kg·hm^(-2).The maximum value in 2021 was 2908.3 kg·hm^(-2),which was 213.6%higher than the minimum value of 927.4 kg·hm^(-2).Under N3P2 treatment,the measured yield of rape oil in 2020 and 2021 reached the maximum of 1144.0 and 1353.1 kg·hm^(-2),and the maximum erucic acid yield was 582.5 and 685.8 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the oil content of high erucic acid rape,with the highest oil content(41%-42%)under N2 conditions for two years.Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers significantly affected the content of erucic acid,reaching the maximum value under N2P2 treatment for two years,with a maximum value of 55.0%.[Conclusions]Reasonable application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers could significantly improve the yield and quality of rape,achieving the goal of increasing yield and income.‘Mianyou 309’,as a rape processed with erucic acid,could achieve higher yield and better quality by applying nitrogen 180 kg·hm^(-2) and phosphorus 90 kg·hm^(-2).