肠道菌群对水产动物重要经济性状影响的研究进展

Research Progress on Effect of Gut Microbiota on Important Economic Traits of Animals in Aquaculture:A Review

随着绿色可持续发展理念贯穿于水产养殖全过程,我国水产养殖业转型升级进入了新的发展阶段,水产动物肠道菌群也逐渐成为一个重要的研究领域。肠道菌群作为动物体不可忽视的重要组成部分,在促进水产动物生长发育、提高抗病力以及应对环境胁迫等方面起关键作用。在生长和品质方面,健康的肠道菌群能够提高水产动物的生长速度、饲料转化率以及肌肉脂肪含量;在抗病方面,健康的肠道菌群能够促进水产动物免疫系统的发育,抑制病原菌的定殖;在抗逆方面,健康的肠道菌群能够提高水产动物对冷应激、低盐胁迫等环境胁迫的适应。相关研究有助于探究益生菌、益生元对水产动物肠道菌群的影响,同时又有利于水产动物宿主肠源性益生菌的筛选与利用。本文综述了国内外肠道菌群对水产动物重要经济性状中生长、品质、抗病以及抗逆性状影响的研究进展,对肠道菌群在水产养殖相关应用做出展望,为未来水产养殖业中肠道菌群的研究与实践提供了理论参考。

With the concept of green and sustainable development running through the whole process of aquaculture,the transformation and upgrading of Chinese aquaculture have entered a new developmental stage,and the gut microbiota of aquatic animals has gradually become an important research field.Gut microflora,as an important part of animals,plays a key role in promoting the growth and development,improving disease resistance and coping with environmental stress of aquatic animals.In terms of growth and quality,healthy gut microbiota can improve the growth rate,feed conversion rate and muscle and fat content of aquatic animals;in terms of disease resistance,healthy gut microbiota can promote the development of aquatic animal immune system,and inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria;in terms of stress resistance,healthy gut microbiota can improve the adaptation to cold stress,low salt stress and other environmental stresses in aquatic animals.Relevant research is helpful to explore the influence of probiotics and prebiotics on gut microbiota of aquatic animals,and is also conducive to the screening and utilization of intestinal probiotics in aquatic animal hosts.This paper reviewed the recent research progress of gut microbiota on the growth,quality,disease resistance and stress resistance of important economic traits of aquatic animals at home and abroad,and made prospects for the application of gut microbiota in aquaculture to lay a theoretical foundation for the research and practice of gut microbiota in aquaculture in the future.