聚合物载体在mRNA递送领域的研究进展

Research Progress of Polymer Carriers in the Field of mRNA Delivery

近年来,信使核糖核酸(mRNA)修饰与递送技术的突破推动了mRNA药物的蓬勃发展,尤其在疫苗、蛋白替代疗法和基因编辑领域展现出巨大潜力。然而,mRNA的不稳定性和负电荷特性使得研发安全、高效的递送系统成为关键。综述mRNA递送的聚合物载体研究进展,探讨提高mRNA转染效率的方法,包括聚合物结构优化和纳米颗粒工程化,概述聚合物器官靶向载体的研究现状,并对聚合物递送载体的临床应用进行展望。

In recent years,the breakthroughs in messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)modification and delivery techniques have propelled the flourishing development of mRNA drugs,with particularly great potential in the fields of vaccines,protein replacement therapy,and gene editing.However,the instability and negative charge characteristics of mRNA have rendered the development of safe and eficient delivery systems a crucial task.This paper reviews the progress of polymeric carriers for mRNA delivery,explores the methods to enhance mRNA transfection efficiency,including polymer structure optimization and nanoparticle engineering,summarizes the current research status of polymer-based organ-targeting carriers,and provides an outlook on the clinical applications of polymeric delivery carriers.