责令退赔程序的功能定位及其与民事诉讼程序的关系

The Function of Procedure for Ordering Return and Compensation and Its Relationship with Civil Litigation Procedure

《刑法》第64条规定的责令退赔措施是一种强制犯罪行为人退还违法所得并退赔被害人的、带有刑事性的实体处置措施,而非被害人财产损失的民事救济措施。相应地,责令退赔程序是一种基于检察机关的申请启动的、旨在剥夺犯罪行为人违法所得的刑事性诉讼程序,而不是一种旨在对被害人财产损失进行救济的民事性诉讼程序。基于这种功能定位,责令退赔程序只在犯罪行为人之违法所得就是被害人之损失的范围内排斥被害人提起民事诉讼,在被害人的损失并非犯罪行为人的违法所得、还有其他人就被害人损失承担民事责任,以及法院判决因证据原因未认定被害人损失属于违法所得时,被害人均可提起民事诉讼,但应当处理好责令退赔程序与民事诉讼程序的衔接问题。

The measure for ordering return and compensation stipulated in the Article 64 of the Criminal Law is a criminal entity disposal measure that forces the perpetrator to return illegal gains and give compensation to the victim,rather than a civil relief measure for the victim's property losses.Correspondingly,the procedure for ordering return and compensation is a criminal litigation procedure initiated based on the application of the procuratorial organ,aimed at depriving the perpetrator of illegal gains,rather than a civil litigation procedure aimed at providing relief for the victim's property losses.Based on this function,the procedure for ordering return and compensation only excludes the victim from initiating a civil litigation within the scope where the illegal gains of the perpetrator are the losses of the victim.In instances where the victim's losses are not the illegal gains of the perpetrator,where other people bear civil liabilities for the victim's losses,and when the court ruling fails to establish a causal link between the victim's losses and the perpetrator's illegal gains due to evidence reasons,the victim is entitled to initiate a civil litigation.However,the connection between the procedure for ordering return and compensation and the civil litigation procedure should be properly handled.