外国单边经济制裁的国家豁免例外研究

A Study on Foreign Unilateral Economic Sanctions as an Exception to State Immunity

我国现行《外国国家豁免法》是否将外国单边经济制裁纳入国家豁免例外则不甚明确。《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》及国外立法实践表明,外国单边经济制裁符合国家主体归因属性、侵权行为及其主体在法院地国的双重限制原则,以及人身伤害和财产损失的侵权客体等三个国家豁免例外的侵权行为构成要件。在《外国国家豁免法》与《民事诉讼法》的衔接方面,完善国家豁免例外案件的级别管辖,明确外交部出具相关证明文件或意见的程序,建构国家补偿制度,以保障在反外国单边经济制裁司法救济中的我国公民、法人的合法权益。

It's not clear whether China's current Foreign State Immunity Law includes foreign unilateral eco⁃nomic sanctions among the exceptions to state immunity.The United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Im⁃munities of States and Their Property and foreign legislative practice show that,foreign unilateral economic sanctions meet the three constituent elements of tortious acts for the exception to state immunity,namely,the at⁃tribution of the state subject,the principle of dual limitation of the tortious act and its subject in the forum state,and the tortious object of bodily injury and property loss.With regard to the convergence between the Foreign State Immunity Law and the Civil Procedure Law,it is important to improve the hierarchical jurisdiction of cases with exceptions to state immunity,clarify the procedures for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to issue relevant cer⁃tifying documents or opinions,and establish a state compensation system to protect the legitimate rights and in⁃terests of Chinese citizens and legal persons in judicial remedies against foreign unilateral economic sanctions.