近代江南中西合璧式天主教堂的分布与建筑式样研究

Research on the Distribution and Architectural Styles of Sino-Western Catholic Churches in Modern Jiangnan

本文采用桌面研究和田野调查相结合的方法收集近代江南地区中西合璧式天主教堂的样本数据,并运用建筑类型学理论聚类归纳其建筑式样类型。研究选取了33座江南地区现存近代中西合璧式天主教堂作为研究样本,探究中西合璧式天主教堂的地理分布规律;再对每个样本的建筑形制进行深入观察与分析,分类归纳为江南传统建筑变体式、洋门面式、集仿式样三种式样类型,并总结各式样的形态特点。研究提出,对该类建筑的保护与再利用需要综合考虑保留建筑自身特色和引入现代技术之间的平衡,使其在当代社会中焕发出新的生命力。研究希望为相关实践工作提供基础性研究材料。

This paper combines the desk research with field investigations to collect sample data of Sino-Western Catholic churches in Jiangnan region in the modern era, and applies architectural typology theory to cluster and categorize their architectural styles. Specifically, the study selects 33 Sino-Western Catholic churches as research samples, and explores the features of their geographical distribution. Furthermore, a comprehensive observation and analysis of each sample's architectural forms is conducted, leading to the classification of three types of distinctive styles, i.e., traditional Jiangnan architectural style, Western-facade style, and eclectic style, and the characteristics of each style are summarized as well. The study proposes that the preservation and reuse of this type of architecture requires a comprehensive consideration of the balance between preserving its original characteristics and introducing modern technology to give it a new lease of life in contemporary society, in the hope of providing basic research material for the relative practice.