高铁流视角下中国城市网络的时空演变研究

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Network in China from the Perspective of High-Speed Rail Flow

交通是中国现代化的开路先锋,高铁是交通运输现代化的重要标志,高铁流空间已成为探索城市和区域空间结构的重要视角。基于2009~2020年全国铁路旅客列车时刻表数据,运用GIS空间分析和社会网络分析法,以中国369个行政单元为研究对象,探讨了中国城市网络强度和网络结构的时空演变特征,剖析了区域内与区域间城市网络发展差异。研究发现:(1)中国城市网络关联强度迅速上升,层级结构由量变转变为质变,中西部城市不断加入最高层级城市梯队。(2)区域内城市网络的网络密度、核心—边缘结构具有显著的时空异质性;沿海地区城市网络关联强度较高、层级结构较多,中部地区城市网络关联强度中等、规模较大,西南地区、西北地区高铁运营时期较晚,但城市网络发展较快,而东北地区高铁运营最早,但城市网络发展最慢。(3)具有跨区域联系的城市对逐年增多,区域间城市网络联系强度持续增强,但仍以低层级联系为主导,跨区域联系最多的地区由东部沿海转变为长江中游;(4)中心度指数均呈上升趋势,度数中心度较高的城市多集中于京沪、京哈—京港澳、路桥、沪昆通道的沿线城市,而中间中心度较高的城市多为行政级别较高的区域中心城市。

Transportation serves as the vanguard of China's modernization,with high-speed rail standing as a significant emblem of transportation modernization.The spatial flow of high-speed rail has emerged as a crucial perspective for investigating urban and regional spatial structures.Utilizing GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis methods based on national railway passenger train schedule data from 2009 to 2020,focusing on 369 administrative units in China,this study explored the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban network intensity and structure,and examined the developmental disparities within and between regions.The following were the primary conclusions:(1) The intensity of urban network associations in China hadexperienced a rapid surge,with the hierarchical structure transitioning from quantity-oriented to quality-driven.Moreover,cities in central and western China were consistently ascending to the highest echelon of urban centers.(2) The network density and core-periphery structure of the urban network were in spatiotemporal heterogeneity.The urban network in coastal areas had higher correlation strength and a more hierarchical structure,and the urban network in the central region exhibited moderate correlation intensity,but operated on a larger scale.The southwest and northwest regions experienced a delayed period of high-speed rail(HSR) operation;however,their urban networks developed rapidly.Conversely,the northeastern region was the earliest HSR operation but witnessed a slower development of urban network.(3) The number of city pairs with cross-regional connections was increasing,and the intensity of cross-regional city network connections continued to increase,however was still dominated by low-level connections.The region with the highest concentration of cross-regional connections had shifted from the eastern coastal area to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.(4) The centrality index exhibited an upward trajectory.Cities with higher degrees of centrality were predominantly concentrated along the Beijing-Shanghai,Beijing-Harbin-Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Road and Bridge,as well as the Shanghai-Kunming passageways.Conversely,cities with higher centrality primarily consisted of regional central cities with elevated administrative levels.