公共部门人才集聚会影响企业创新绩效吗

Does Talent Agglomeration in the Public Sector Affect Corporate.I nnovation Performance

公共部门人才集聚关系到人才资源在公共部门和私营部门间的配置效率,合理分配人才资源是实施创新驱动发展战略的重要保障。本文利用全国各省、市、县、乡公务员招录数据,考察了公共部门人才集聚对企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现,公共部门人力资本扩张能够显著改善企业创新绩效。具体而言,公共部门扩大“本硕博”高学历人才招录规模可以显著促进企业研发创新水平提升,而扩大专科及以下学历人员招录规模对企业研发创新无显著影响。作用机制检验证实,公共部门人才集聚通过优化营商环境、提高政府科研投入水平、提升企业研发创新效率等渠道来改善企业创新绩效。异质性分析表明,公共部门人才集聚对高新技术企业、国有企业和私营企业研发创新能力具有显著的促进作用,特超大型城市公共部门吸纳人才资源能够显著改善企业创新绩效。进一步研究发现,公共部门人才集聚可以显著提高企业创新质量,优化创新专利结构。本文从公共部门人事招聘视角,对公共部门人才集聚是否不利于私营部门研发创新予以正面回应,为政府优化人才资源在部门间的配置提供了有益参考。

The agglomeration of talent in the public sector will affect the allocation efficiency of human resources between the public and private sectors,and the rational allocation of human resources is an important guarantee for the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy.Given limited social human resources,it is necessary to establish a system to eliminate inefficient departments,improve the efficiency of human resources allocation,release the human resources dividend to the utmost,and promote independent innovation,so as to successfully get over the"middle-income trap"and break through the constraints on economic growth.Based on China's civil servant recruitment data and corporate R&D innovation data,this paper finds that the expansion of human capital in the public sector can significantly improve corporate innovation performance.Specifically,recruiting more holders of bachelor's,master's and doctoral degrees in the public sector can significantly improve the corporate R&D innovation level,while recruiting more people with the diploma of vocational education or below has no significant impact on the latter.In terms of the influence mechanism,talent agglomeration in the public sector improves corporate innovation performance by optimizing the business environment,increasing the level of government research investment,and improving the efficiency of corporate R&D innovation.Further research finds that talent agglomeration in the public sector can significantly improve the quality of corporate innovation and the structure of innovation patents.This paper has the following innovations and contributions.Firstly,this paper is the first to use the civil servant recruitment data in China to explore the impact of talent agglomeration in the public sector on the innovation performance of enterprises.Secondly,this paper combines the two research directions of human resource allocation in the public and private sectors and corporate R&D innovation,and discusses the impact of the recruitment of holders of master's bachelor's degrees and the diploma of vocational education in the public sector on corporate innovation performance respectively,which expands the research boundary of human resource allocation and scientific and technological innovation.Thirdly,the research conclusion of this paper has important practical significance,corrects the cognitive bias of society on the influence of talent agglomeration in the public sector on corporate R&D innovation.Studying the phenomenon of talent agglomeration in the public sector can effectively correct the public misunderstanding of the influence of personnel recruitment in the public sector on corporate innovation,and provide practical basis and policy suggestions for the government departments to optimize the allocation of human resources.