人参皂苷Rg1抑制舌鳞状细胞癌增殖和转移能力的作用机制研究

Mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

目的研究人参皂苷Rg1(GS-Rg1)抑制舌鳞状细胞癌(TSCC)增殖和转移能力的作用,以及相关的作用机制。方法用1.25、2.5、5.0和10.0μmol·L^(-1)的GS-Rg1处理TSCC细胞CAL-2748 h后,用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)法检测不同浓度细胞的增殖能力,并计算GS-Rg1作用CAL-2748 h的IC_(50)值。TSCC细胞CAL-27分为对照组和GS-Rg1组,分别用0.9%NaCl和IC_(50)浓度的GS-Rg1处理对照组和GS-Rg1组48 h。用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞周期分布情况,用Transwell实验检测各组细胞转移能力。构建TOP/FOP Flash质粒,转染对照组和GS-Rg1组,用荧光素酶实验检测GS-Rg1对TSCC细胞CAL-27中wnt/β-连环蛋白(wnt/β-catenin)信号通路活性的影响。用wnt/β-catenin通路抑制药XAV939处理GS-Rg1组细胞(XAV939+GS-Rg1组),及wnt/β-catenin通路激活药HLY78处理GS-Rg1组细胞(HLY78+GS-Rg1组),检测GS-Rg1组、XAV939+GS-Rg1组和HLY78+GS-Rg1组细胞中wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性、细胞增殖能力、细胞周期分布以及转移能力变化,用蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞中wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白β-catenin及其下游细胞周期相关分子细胞性骨髓细胞瘤原癌基因(cMYC),细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)和细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclinD1)及转移相关蛋白钙黏蛋白E(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)的表达。结果GS-Rg1显著抑制TSCC细胞CAL-27的增殖能力(P<0.05),GS-Rg1作用CAL-2748 h的IC_(50)值为(5.46±1.58)μmol·L^(-1)。对照组和GS-Rg1组G0/G1分别为(60.65±2.16)%和(71.20±2.38)%,细胞穿膜数分别为(87.33±7.51)和(50.67±3.21)个,荧光素酶活性分别为1.00±0.02和0.35±0.06,在统计学上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与GS-Rg1组相比,XAV939+GS-Rg1组细胞中wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性、细胞增殖能力和转移能力均显著降低(均P<0.05),G0/G1期细胞增多(P<0.05),β-catenin、cMYC、CDK4、cyclinD1、E-cadherin、MMP-2蛋白表达均显著降低(均P<0.05),N-cadherin蛋白表达增加,而HLY78+GS-Rg1组细胞结果相反。结论GS-Rg1下调wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制TSCC细胞增殖和转移能力。

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Ginsenosides Rg1(GS-Rg1)on the proliferation and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC),and its related mechanisms of action.Methods TSCC cells were treated with GS-Rg1 at concentrations of 1.25,2.5,5.0 and 10.0μmol·L^(-1)for 48 hours.The proliferation ability of cells at different concentrations was measured by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)experiment,and the IC_(50)value of GS-Rg1 at CAL-27 for 48 hours was calculated.TSCC cells CAL-27 were divided into control group and GS-Rg1 group.The control group and GS-Rg1 group were treated with 0.9%NaCl and IC_(50)concentration of GS-Rg1 for 48 hours,respectively.The cell cycle distribution of each group was detected by flow cytometry,and the cell metastasis ability of each group was detected by Tran swell experiment.Construct TOP/FOP Flash plasmid,transfect control group and GS-Rg1group,and detect the effect of GS-Rg1 effect on wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity in TSCC cell CAL-27using luciferase assay.Using wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 treated GS-Rg1 group cells(XAV939+GS-Rg1 group),and wnt/β-catenin pathway activator HLY78 was used to treat GS-Rg1 group cells(HLY78+GS-Rg1 group)and detect changes of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activity,the cell proliferation ability,cell cycle distribution,and metastasis ability in XAV939+GS-Rg1 group,HLY78+GS-Rg1 group and GS-Rg1group.The expression of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteinsβ-catenin,and its downstream cell cycle related proteins cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(cMYC),Cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4),andcyclinDl,as well as metastasis related proteins E-cadherin,N-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)were detected by Western blotting in each group of cells.Results GS-Rg1 significantly inhibited the proliferation ability of TSCC cells CAL-27(P<0.05),and the IC_(50)value of GS-Rg1 on CAL-27 was(5.46±1.58)μmol·L^(-1).The ratio of G0/G1 phase cells in the control group and GS-Rg1 group were(60.65±2.16)%and(71.20±2.38)%,respectively;the number of cell transmembrane penetration were 87.33±7.51 and 50.67±3.21,respectively;the luciferase activity were 1.00±0.02 and 0.35±0.06,respectively.Compared with the control group,the GS-Rg1group showed cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase,decreased cell metastasis ability,and the activity of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the GS-Rg1 group,the activity of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was decreased,cell proliferation ability and metastasis ability was decreased(P<0.05),while the number of G0/G1 phase cells was increased(P<0.05),the expression ofβ-catenin,cMYC,CDK4,cyclinDl,E-cadherin and MMP-2 proteins were decreased(P<0.05),while the expression of N-cadherin protein increased in XAV939+GS-Rg1 group cells.However,the result were opposite in the HLY78+GS-Rg1group of cells.Conclusion GS-Rg1 downregulates wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibits the proliferation and metastasis ability of TSCC cells.