三门湾附近海域环境状况调查研究

Investigation and Study on Environmental Status of the Near Sanmen Bay

依据2020年4月(春季)、2019年8月(夏季)、2019年10月(秋季)和2020年2月(冬季)四个航次对三门湾附近海域海水水质和浮游植物调查研究,分析了海水水质,叶绿素a和浮游植物群落结构。研究表明,无机氮和活性磷酸盐超标是影响海水水质的主要因素,浮游植物种类季节变化为秋季(94种)>春季(90种)>冬季(87种)>夏季(73种),叶绿素a季节变化为夏季(0.844μg/L)>秋季(0.823μg/L)>春季(0.750μg/L)>冬季(0.275μg/L),与浮游植物丰度的变化规律一致,夏季(29232 ind/L)>秋季(7762 ind/L)>春季(5435 ind/L)>冬季(2892 ind/L)。调查区域四季的优势类群均为硅藻门,甲藻门次之,绿藻门、蓝藻门和金藻门种类较少。其中琼氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus jonesianus全年占绝对优势。Shannon-Wiener(H')变化规律为春季(1.217)>夏季(1.068)>秋季(0.954)>冬季(0.952),多样性值较低。海水水质和浮游植物多样性的研究结果表明,三门湾附近海域海水污染较严重。

According to the four voyages of April 2020(spring),August 2019(summer),October 2019(autumn)and February 2020(winter),the sea water quality and phytoplankton in the sea area near Sanmen Bay were studied,and the sea water quality,chlorophyll a and phytoplankton community structure were analyzed.The research showed that the excessive inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate were the main factors affecting the sea water quality.The seasonal change of phytoplankton species were autumn(94 species)>spring(90 species)>winter(87 species)>summer(73 species),and the seasonal change of chlorophyll a were summer(0.844μg/L)>Autumn(0.823μg/L)>Spring(0.750μg/L)>winter(0.275μg/L),consistent with the variation law of phytoplankton abundance,summer(29232 ind/L)>autumn(7762 ind/L)>spring(5435 ind/L)>winter(2892 ind/L).In the survey area,the dominant group in four seasons was Diatoma,followed by Dinoflagellate,and there were fewer species of Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta and Chrysophyta.Coccinodiscus jonesianus was dominant all year round.The Shannon-Wiener(H')was spring(1.217)>summer(1.068)>autumn(0.954)>winter(0.952),and the diversity value was low.The research results of sea water quality and phytoplankton diversity showed that the sea water near Sanmen Bay was relatively polluted.