《春秋》三传所见体育元素及其文化特征

Sports Elements and Their Cultural Characteristics in the Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals

《春秋》三传以史学和经学双重视野对中国古代体育进行了记载,具有重要研究价值。文章运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,深入分析了《春秋》三传中的体育活动及其文化特征。研究认为:《春秋》三传是“蒐苗狝狩”四时狩猎、投壶、跳远和跳高等体育项目的最早文献记载,还记载了射箭、徒手搏击、弈棋、骑马、养生等体育活动。反映出来的文化特征表现为5个方面:一是初步体现出体育健身性的基本特征;二是从礼仪性发展出审美娱乐性;三是用于区分优劣的竞争性日趋明显;四是体现出体育在技术与精神方面的双重教育性;五是通过体育交流和体育外交,消弭战争,维护和平。三传对各国交往及其所涉及到的体育元素的记载,在丰富书写文化功能和意义的同时,也成为中华体育精神形成的重要知识和观念来源。

The three biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals,which record ancient Chinese sports from the dual vision of historiography and classics,have important research value.Using the methods of literature review and logical analysis,this present paper analyzes the sports activities and their cultural characteristics contained in The three biographies in depth.The study concludes that:The three biographies have the earliest records of four-season hunting,pot-throwing,long jump and high jump in China.Besides,the three biographies also recorded such sports activities as archery,unarmed combat,chess playing,horse riding and health preservation.The cultural characteristics reflected are fivefold:firstly,the basic characteristics of physical fitness are initially manifested;secondly,aesthetic entertainment is developed from ritual ceremony;thirdly,the competitiveness used to distinguish the superiority from the inferiority is becoming more and more obvious;fourthly,the dual education of sports in terms of technology and spirituality is manifested;and fifthly,war is eliminated and peace is maintained through sports exchanges and sports diplomacy.The records of the exchanges among countries and the sports elements concerned in the three biographies enrich the cultural functions and meanings of writing,and at the same time,become an important source of knowledge and ideas for the formation of the Chinese sports spirit.