6~12岁儿童基本动作技能影响因素的系统综述

A Systematic Review on Correlates of Fundamental Motor Skills in Children Aged 6 to 12: Based on Semi-quantitative Assessment and Meta-analysis

文章对国内外6~12岁儿童基本动作技能(Fundamental Motor Skills, FMS)的影响因素研究进行系统综述,总结并归纳各研究的基本特征,综合运用半定量评价方法和Meta分析方法对纳入研究的结果进行评定。通过系统检索,本文共纳入30篇相关文献。半定量评价结果显示年龄/年级、健康体适能、身体活动/体育活动、父母对孩子FMS的感知、体育课5个因素与儿童FMS水平一致性正相关。Meta分析结果显示身体活动/体育活动以及体育课的干预能有效提高儿童FMS水平,身体活动/体育活动的干预效果更佳。干预周期>20周、每周≥3次、干预时长>60 min对FMS的干预效果最优。建议未来在我国学龄儿童FMS干预方案或政策制定中,应充分考虑与儿童FMS一致性相关的因素及干预方案,从而更好地指导和推动儿童FMS发展。

To systematically review the characteristics,method,and results of the research on the correlates of fundamental motor skills in children aged 6~12 years by semi-quantitative evaluation and meta-analysis.Related studies published before June 2022 were searched in five foreign language databases such as WOS and three Chinese databases such as CNKI.A total of 30 studies were included in this systematic review.The results of semi-quantitative evaluation showed that age/grade(60.0%),health-related physical fitness(100%),physical activity(87.5%),parents'perception of children's FMS(100%),physical education(100%)were positively correlated with children's FMS level.Meta-analysis results showed that intervention of physical activity and physical education could effectively improve children's FMS level,and the intervention effect of physical activity was better.Intervention period>20 weeks,≥3 times per week and intervention duration>60 min had the best intervention effect on FMS.It is suggested that in future FMS intervention or policy formulation of school-age children in China,factors related to the consistency of children's FMS and intervention programs should be fully considered,so as to better guide and promote the development of children's FMS.