某市电子企业职业人群心理健康状况及其影响因素分析

Investigation on mental health status and influencing factors of workers in electronic enterprises in a city

目的了解某市电子企业职业人群心理健康状况及影响因素。方法2023年1—7月,采用立意抽样方法,选取某市9家电子企业的468名职业人群为研究对象,分别采用中国职业人群职业紧张测量核心量表、患者健康问卷(PHQ-9)中文版、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)中文版评估研究对象的职业紧张、抑郁症状和焦虑症状。采用二分类logistic回归模型分析三者的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷468份,有效回收率为97.50%。研究对象的职业紧张、抑郁症状、焦虑症状的检出率分别为34.62%、73.50%、34.83%。回归分析结果显示:管理人员组出现职业紧张的风险是生产人员组的3.399倍(P<0.01);岗位工作年限为2~4年组出现职业紧张的风险是>10年组的6.601倍(P<0.01),5~10年组出现职业紧张的风险是>10年组的4.016倍(P<0.05);中型企业组出现抑郁症状的风险是小微型企业组的1.816倍(P<0.05);中型企业组出现焦虑症状的风险是小微型企业组的1.961倍(P<0.05),管理人员出现焦虑症状的风险是生产人员组的2.289倍(P<0.01)。结论某市电子企业职业人群职业紧张水平较高,抑郁症状、焦虑症状等健康问题突出,建议企业把每周工作时间控制在48 h以内,适当提高薪酬待遇,结合个人特点合理安排岗位,采取适当的健康干预措施,降低员工心理健康风险。

Objective To understand the mental health status and influencing factors of workers in electronic enterprises in a city.Methods From January to July 2023,a purposive sampling method was adopted to select workers from 9 electronic enterprises in a city as the study subjects.The China Occupational Stress Measurement Core Scale,the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),and the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)were used to evaluate occupational stress,depressive symptoms,and anxiety symptoms,respectively.A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results A total of 468 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective recovery rate of 97.50%.The detection rates of occupational stress,depressive symptoms,and anxiety symptoms among these workers were 34.62%,73.50%,and 34.83%,respectively.The regression analysis results showed that the occupational stress risk of workers in management positions was 3.399 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in production positions.The risk of occupational stress for workers with an employment time of 2-4 years was 6.601 times higher than that of workers with an employment time longer than 10 years(P<0.05),and the risk of occupational stress in the 5-10 year group was 4.016 times higher than that of workers with an employment time longer than 10 years(P<0.05).The risk of depressive symptoms of workers in medium-sized enterprises was 1.816 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in small and micro-enterprises.The risk of anxiety symptoms of workers in medium-sized enterprises was 1.961 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in small and micro-enterprises,and the risk of anxiety symptoms of workers in management positions was 2.289 times(P<0.01)higher than that of workers in production positions.Conclusions The workers in electronic enterprises in the city had a relatively high level of occupational stress,and health problems such as depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were prominent.It is recommended that enterprises ensure the weekly working hours within 48 hours,appropriately increase the salary and benefits,reasonably arrange job positions according to individual characteristics,and adopt appropriate health intervention measures to reduce the risk of mental health problems among employees.