中国内地小学教师心理健康问题检出率的元分析:2000~2022

A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Among Primary School Teachers in Chinese Mainland:2000~2022

小学教师心理健康问题的检出率在既有研究中存在较大分歧,难以准确掌握其总体心理健康水平。为明确小学教师心理健康问题的整体检出率并进一步分析其影响因素,对2000~2022年检索到的相关研究进行了元分析。结果发现:(1)小学教师心理健康问题的检出率由高到低依次是强迫问题(23.5%)、抑郁(18.3%)、躯体化问题(15.9%)、焦虑(14.7%)、敌对问题(13.8%)和偏执问题(12.4%)。(2)出版年代、测量工具和检出标准是影响小学教师心理健康问题的重要因素。(3)不同检出时间、性别、经济区域的小学教师心理健康问题检出率均不存在显著差异。总体而言,我国小学教师除强迫问题及抑郁检出率偏高外,整体心理健康状况尚可。结果提示未来研究应明晰检出标准,选择适合目标群体的心理健康测评工具;此外还应健全学校心理健康服务体系,防止教师抑郁、强迫问题转化为学生师源性心理障碍。

There were significant differences in the prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers in existing studies,which made it difficult to accurately grasp their overall mental health level.To clarify the overall prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers and further analyze their influencing factors,a meta-analysis was conducted on relevant studies retrieved from 2000 to 2022.The results showed that:1)the prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers ranked from high to low,including obsessive-compulsive problems(23.5%),depression(18.3%),somatization problems(15.9%),anxiety(14.7%),hostility problems(13.8%),and paranoid problems(12.4%);2)the publication age,measurement tools,and detection standards were important factors that affect the mental health issues of primary school teachers;3)there were no significant differences in the prevalence of mental health problems among primary school teachers at different detection times,genders,and economic regions.Overall,apart from the high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression among primary school teachers in China,the overall mental health status was still acceptable.The results suggest that future research should clarify the detection criteria and select appropriate mental health assessment tools for the target group.In addition,a sound school mental health service system should also be established to prevent teachers’mental health problems from turning into teacherinduced psychological problems for students.