免疫球蛋白A抗体作为治疗性药物的现状与前景

Current situation and prospect of immunoglobulin A as therapeutic drugs

在过去40年里,单克隆抗体作为治疗性生物制品已在肿瘤学、血液学、自身免疫性疾病以及感染性疾病中发挥了重大作用。目前上市的治疗性单克隆抗体基本是免疫球蛋白G(IgG)类抗体,而近年来人们发现免疫球蛋白A(IgA)似乎也能发挥等同的作用,其独特的结构和体内分布、介导抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity,ADCC)时招募不同于IgG的效应细胞以及参与免疫系统调节都表明了IgA抗体有望成为新型治疗性抗体。本文就IgA的生物学特性、在疾病中的应用以及作为治疗性抗体现阶段存在的一些技术限制进行综述。

For the past 40 years,monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic biological products have played an important role in the fields of oncology,hematology,autoimmune diseases and infections.Immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies are the mainly therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the market at present;however,it was found that immunoglobulin A(IgA)can also play an equivalent role.Due to its unique structure and distribution in vivo,the recruitment of effector cells of IgA is different from IgG when mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC)effect.The participation of IgA in immune system regulation shows that IgA antibodies are expected to become the new therapeutic antibodies.The biological characteristics of IgA,application in diseases,as well as some technical limitations of IgA as therapeutic antibodies are reviewed in this paper.