基于健康信念模式饮食培训方案在维持血液透析患者中的应用

Application of dietary training program based on health belief model in maintaining hemodialysis patients

目的探讨基于健康信念模式饮食培训方案在维持血液透析(MHD)患者中的应用。方法2022年8月-2023年8月选取MHD患者94例为研究对象,基于随机数字表法将患者分为观察组及对照组,每组各47例。对照组行常规饮食指导,观察组实施基于健康信念模式饮食培训方案,干预时间为3个月,比较两组饮食知信行、饮食依从性、钙磷代谢、营养状况、并发症及生活质量改善情况。结果干预后观察组饮食知信行评分、饮食依从性评分及世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表(WHOQOL-100)评分高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组钙磷代谢异常发生率、营养不良发生率及并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于健康信念模式饮食培训方案能有效提升MHD患者饮食知信行及饮食依从性水平,可促进钙磷代谢,改善患者营养状况,预防相关并发症,提升患者生活质量。

Objective To explore the application of a dietary training program based on a health belief model in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Method 94 cases of MHD patients were selected as the study subjects from August 2022 to August 2023.The patients were divided into observation group(n=47)and control group(n=47)based on random number table method.The control group were received with routine dietary guidance,while the observation group were received with dietary training program based on a health belief model for a duration of 3 months.The dietary knowledge,belief,compliance,calcium and phosphorus metabolism,nutritional status,adverse reactions,and improvement in quality of life of two groups were compared.Result The dietary knowledge,behavior,compliance,and World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHOQOL-10O)scores of observation group were higher than control group after intervention(P<0.05),while the incidence of abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism,malnutrition,and adverse reactions of observation group were lower than control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The dietary training program based on a health belief model can effectively improve the level of dietary knowledge,practice,and compliance in MHD patients,promote calcium and phosphorus metabolism,improve their nutritional status,prevent related complications,and enhance their quality of life.