马克思从契约论话语重构到契约论批判的进展

Marx’s Progression from the Restructure of Contractarian Discourse to the Critique of Contract Theory

在马克思的思想发展过程中,他曾于不同语境中对契约论的理论话语进行指涉,并从重构契约论话语走向彻底的契约论批判。从《论犹太人问题》到《1857-1858年经济学手稿》“导言”,马克思以市民社会-国家的结构来解释自然状态-社会契约的结构,并展示出后者的历史性维度。在政治经济学语境中,马克思展开了契约论批判,揭示了“自然状态”的历史性和资本主义生产方式的暴力性,以及“社会契约”对这种暴力的神秘化。马克思对契约论的批判不只是对契约论话语的理论批判,也是对资本主义生产方式的现实批判。

During the process of making theoretical development,Marx made different references under variously varying contexts,and moved from the restructure of the discourse of social contract theory to a complete critique of the latter.From On the Jewish Question to the Introduction in 1857,he explained the structure of Natural State-Social Theory by that of Civil Society-State,and thus exposed the historical dimension of the latter.In the political economy context,Marx started his critique toward contract theory,exposed both the historicity of the“Natural State”and the violence of the capitalist mode of production,as well as the mystification of this violence by the“Social Contract”.Marx’s critique of contract theory is both a theoretical one aiming at its discourse,and a realistic one aiming at the capitalist mode of production.