2019-2022年巴中市城乡综合市场禽流感监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of avian influenza in comprehensive markets in urban and rural areas of Bazhong City from 2019 to 2022

目的 了解巴中市城乡综合市场环境中禽流感的分布情况,为制定科学有效的禽流感防控政策和措施提供依据。方法 收集2019-2022年巴中市城乡的综合市场活禽交易和宰杀摊点外环境样本,采用实时荧光PCR检测方法开展禽流感病毒核酸检测,获取禽流感病毒在巴中市活禽聚集交易区外环境的分布情况。率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 采集禽流感6类外环境样本477份,检出禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本193份,阳性率40.5%,阳性样本中H9亚型占比85.5%。各监测年度阳性率均在25%以上,2019-2021年呈上升态势;通江县监测阳性率(61.8%)高于其他县区;城区综合市场阳性率(51.8%)高于乡镇;禽类饮水阳性率59.3%,在各类监测样本中阳性占比最高。结论巴中市城乡综合市场普遍存在禽流感病毒分布,以H9亚型分布为主,存在一定的感染风险,建议加强对活禽交易和宰杀人员禽流感防控知识宣传教育,加强个人卫生防护,严格落实消毒和清洗措施,合理控制存栏数量,防止环境中活病毒大面积扩散和传播。

Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza in the environment of comprehensive markets in urban and rural areas of Bazhong City,and to provide references for the formulation of scientific and effective policies and measures for avian influenza prevention and control.Methods External environmental samples from live poultry trading and slaughtering stalls in comprehensive markets in urban and rural areas of Bazhong City from 2019 to 2022 were collected.Real-time fluorescence PCR detection method was used to detect avian influenza virus nuclei acid.And the distribution of avian influenza virus in the external environment in the live poultry gathering and trading area in Bazhong City was obtained.The Chi-square test was used for ratio comparison,with the test levelα=0.05.Results A total of 477 samples of avian influenza from 6 categories of external environment were collected,and 193 samples were detected positive for avian influenza virus nucleic acid,with a positive rate of 40.5%.H9 subtype accounted for 85.5%of the positive samples.The positive rate of each monitoring year was above 25%,and the rate showed a gradual upward trend from 2019 to 2021.The positive rate of Tongjiang County(61.8%)was higher than that of other counties.The positive rate of comprehensive markets in urban areas(51.8%)was higher than that of markets in rural areas.And the positive rate of poultry drinking water was 59.3%,which was the highest among various monitoring samples.Conclusions Avian influenza virus,dominated by H9 subtype,was widespread in comprehensive markets in urban and rural areas of Bazhong City.There is a certain risk of infection.It is recommended to strengthen the publicity and education on avian influenza prevention and control knowledge among live poultry trading and slaughtering personnel,strengthen personal health protection,implement the disinfection and cleaning measures strictly and control the number of files reasonably,so as to prevent the large area spread and transmission of live viruses in the environment.