“双碳”目标下生物质热化学转化技术路径探讨

Exploration on the Technological Path of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Under the Background of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality

绿色低碳转型已成为不可逆转的主流趋势,“双碳”目标的提出促进了生物质能的多元化发展。生物质热化学转化技术因对满足全球可持续燃料的需求具有潜在的关键作用而被认为是一种很有前途的技术,但生物质热化学转化过程通常是复杂的、费力的和耗时的。为了充分了解生物质热化学转化过程的转化特性性能和产物产率的最大化,本文全面综述了生物质发电、生物质气体燃料、生物质液体燃料和生物质成型燃料方面的最新技术研究与应用进展,以及技术挑战,明确阐述了这些转化过程的技术原理和实施前景。进一步探索了生物质热化学转化技术多元化和综合利用路径,从经济和环境角度分析了热化学转化技术的可行性,发现生物质可持续制氢的热化学途径具有相当大的前景,可持续航空燃料的宏伟目标为液体燃料的商业发展提供机会。最后,在“双碳”目标下,展望了不同生物质热化学转化路径。

Green or low carbon transformation had became an irreversible mainstream trend,and the proposal of“double carbon”goal had promoted the diversified development of biomass energy.Thermochemical conversion of biomass was considered as a promising technology because it played an important role in meeting the global demand for sustainable fuels,but the process was usually complex,laborious and time-consuming.In order to fully understand the transformation characteristics and products yield maximization during thermochemical conversion process of biomass,this study comprehensively summarized the latest technological research and applications progress,and the technical challenges in biomass power generation,biomass gas fuel,bio-liquid fuel and biomass briquette fuel.The technical principle and implementation prospect of these conversion processes were clearly described,and the path of diversification and comprehensive utilization of biomass thermochemical conversion technology was further explored.The feasibility of thermochemical conversion technology was analyzed from the point of view of economy and environment.It was found that the thermochemical pathway of sustainable hydrogen production from biomass had a great prospect,and the grand goal of sustainable aviation fuel provided opportunities for the commercial development of liquid fuel.Finally,under the“double carbon”target,different biomass thermochemical conversion paths were prospected.