羌族传统器乐多声部音乐探析

Exploration of the Traditional Polyphonic Instrumental Music of the Qiang Ethnic Group

羌族传统器乐多声部音乐有羌管合奏、唢呐合奏、羌笛与口簧合奏等形式,作者通过多次实地调研后认为:羌族传统器乐多声部音乐是羌族多声部民歌的器乐化再现;乐手们先学基本腔调再学其他腔调,先学哼唱配合再学乐器配合,凸显出羌族人的有序传习理念;从羌族口簧乐曲《婆媳对话》中多声部思维的萌芽,羌笛的双管中隐射的“双音”思维,到羌管乐手明确的高低音相互交替的“波浪交替式”多声结构观念,及羌族唢呐乐手立足本族群的多声音乐观念去吸收、涵化外来音乐文化的历程,勾勒出一幅鲜活的羌族传统多声部音乐的发展历史;羌族与相关族群中的相近音乐观念、相似乐器、同宗音调等,正是各族群在长期的交融互动中形成的文化认同。

Based on multiple field investigations,the author concludes that the traditional polyphonic instrumental music of the Qiang ethnic group is a re-creation of their polyphonic folk songs through instruments.This study traces the development of polyphonic thinking from its early manifestations in Qiang mouth harp music.