人-环境匹配视角下社区环境对老年人健康影响的范围综述

Impact of community environment on the health of older adults from the perspective of person-environment fit:a scoping review

目的:对人-环境匹配视角下社区环境对老年人健康影响的相关研究进行范围综述,为针对性照护环境的营造及老年友好社区的建设提供参考。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Scopus、CINAHL、PsycInfo等数据库中的关于人-环境匹配视角下社区环境对老年人健康影响的文献,检索时限为建库至2023年12月31日,依据纳入标准对文献进行筛选及信息资料提取。结果:共纳入19篇文献,人与环境的匹配方式包括补偿性和一致性。16篇文献描述了社区环境通过补偿老年人个体能力的下降和社会经济地位劣势从而促进老年人健康,老年人个体能力越差、社会经济地位越低,环境作用的影响越大;3篇文献提及社区环境与老年人需求的一致性可促进老年人健康。结论:老年人的个体特征与其周围所在环境资源的相互作用决定了其健康状态,在进行老年友好社区建设和提供照护环境时应考虑老年人的个体能力和需求,可从多角度探索环境对老年人健康的影响机制。

Objective To conduct a scoping review on the impact of community environment on the health of older adults from the perspective of person-environment fit,so as to provide reference for the creation of targeted care environments and the construction of elderly friendly communities.Methods Literature on the impact of community environment on the health of older adults from the perspective of person-environment fit was searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure,WanFang Data,VIP,China Biology Medicine disc,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Scopus,CINAHL,PsycInfo and so on.The search period was from database establishment to December 31,2023.Literature was screened and data was extracted based on inclusion criteria.Results A total of 19 articles were included,and the methods of person-environment fit included compensation and consistency.Sixteen articles described how community environment promoted the health of older adults by compensating for the decline in individual abilities and socio-economic disadvantages of older adults.The poorer the individual abilities and lower the socio-economic status of older adults,the greater the impact of environmental factors.Three articles mentioned that the consistency between community environment and the needs of older adults could promote their health.Conclusions The interaction between the individual characteristics of older adults and their surrounding environmental resources determines their health status.When building elderly friendly communities and providing care environments,consideration should be given to the individual abilities and needs of older adults,and the impact mechanism of the environment on the health of older adults can be explored from multiple perspectives.