民族地区义务教育的发展历程、历史经验与未来路向

The Development History,Historical Experience and Future Direction of Compulsory Education in Ethnic Regions

民族地区义务教育高质量发展是建设教育强国的基础。新民主主义革命时期,中国共产党开民族地区义务教育之先河。新中国成立以来,民族地区义务教育历经以普及初等义务教育为目标的起步奠基阶段、以普及九年义务教育为重点的强力推进阶段、以县域基本均衡为任务的巩固提升阶段,目前正迈入以优质均衡为核心的内涵式发展阶段。积累了丰富的历史经验:从差别化发展到标准化建设,持续推动学校扩容提质;整体优惠和专项支持相结合,不断加大学生资助力度;补齐缺口和流动共享互联结,逐步实现师资增量提质;外部帮扶和内部挖潜同发力,深入推进教育对口支援。新发展格局下,民族地区义务教育要在历史继承基础上守正创新,即坚持党的全面领导,夯实义务教育强国基点;健全现代治理体系,落实义务教育主体责任;深化课程教学改革,形成义务教育区域优势;均衡配置优质资源,完善扩优提质动力机制。

The high-quality development of compulsory education in ethnic regions is the foundation of building an educational country of quality.During the period of the new democratic revolution,the Communist Party of China started compulsory education in ethnic areas.Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China,compulsory education in ethnic areas has gone through the initial and foundational stage with the goal of popularizing primary compulsory education,the strong promotion stage with the focus on popularizing nine-year compulsory education,the consolidation and improvement stage with the task of achieving basic balance in counties,and now enters a connotative development stage focusing on high-quality and balance.The gathered historical experience includes following aspects:from differentiation development to standardization construction and continuously promoting school expansion and quality improvement;the overall combination of preferential treatment and special support,and continuously increasing the intensity of student financial support;interconnecting between gap filling and flexible sharing,and gradually improving the quality of teachers;making efforts in both external assistance and internal potential simultaneously so as to further promote education support.Under the new development pattern,compulsory education in ethnic areas should adhere to the corrective and innovative path on the basis of historical inheritance,that is,adhere to the overall leadership of the Party and consolidate the basis of compulsory education as an education country of quality.It should improve the modern governance system and take primary responsibility for compulsory education;deepen the regional advantages of compulsory education;allocate high-quality resources evenly and improve the dynamic mechanism of expanding and improving quality.