家庭多维贫困对儿童社会情感能力的影响——基于西部五区县的实证研究

The Impact of Family Multidimensional Poverty on Children's Social-Emotional Competence:An Empirical Study of the Five Western Districts and Counties

儿童社会情感能力培育对促进西部地区多维贫困家庭早期人力资本开发、阻断贫困代际传递具有重要意义。本研究基于对西部五区县1361名2-3岁半儿童的贝利评估与成长环境调查,采用OLS分析和Bootstrap中介效应检验方法,探究家庭多维贫困对儿童社会情感能力的影响机制。研究发现:(1)西部地区儿童社会情感能力发展存在滞后问题,轻度滞后和严重滞后率分别为68.92%和42.69%;(2)家庭多维贫困,以及父母受教育程度、生活水平、收入、就业维度的单维贫困,均对儿童社会情感能力有显著的负向影响,其中父母受教育程度贫困维度的负向影响最大;(3)进一步检验发现,在上述(除就业维度以外)影响过程中父母对儿童的早期教育投入发挥了中介效应,其中物质投入的中介效应显著,时间投入的中介效应不显著。为提升西部地区儿童社会情感能力,提出相关政策建议:建立政府主导、多方参与的家庭多维贫困治理机制,为儿童营造良好的成长环境;帮助多维贫困家庭加大对儿童早期教育的物质投入;引导多维贫困家庭注重儿童早期教育时间投入,提升亲子互动质量。

The cultivation of children's social-emotional competence is of great significance in promoting the early human capital development of multidimensional poor families and blocking the inter-generational transmission of poverty in the western region.Based on the Bailey assessment and growth environment survey of 1,361 children aged in between 2 to 3.5 years old in five districts and counties in western ethnic areas,this study adopts OLS and Bootstrap mediation effect test to explore the mechanism of the impact of family multidimensional poverty on children's social-emotional competence.The study makes following findings:(1)there is an issue about the underdevelopment of children's social-emotional competence in the western region,with mild and severe underdevelopment rates being 68.92%and 42.69%respectively;(2)family multidimensional poverty,as well as unidimensional poverty in the dimensions of parental educational attainment,standard of living,income,and employment,had significant negative impact on the children's social-emotional competence,with parental educational attainment poverty dimension being the top on the negative effect list;(3)further analysis found that in the above(except for the employment dimension)influence process,parents'early education investment in children played a mediating effect,in which the mediating effect of material investment was significant,and the mediating effect of time investment was not significant.In order to improve the social-emotional competency of children in the western region,the article makes following suggestions:to set up a multi-dimensional government-led and multi-party family poverty management mechanism so as to create a good environment for children to grow up;to facilitate the multi-dimensional poor families to increase their material input in the early childhood education;to guide multi-dimensional poor families to invest in early childhood education so as to improve the quality of parent-child interaction.