乡土教育视域下乡村博物馆的“位育”——基于黔东南施洞镇的田野调查

Rural Museum's Educational Value of"Weiyu"from the Perspective of Local Knowledge Education——Case Study Based on the Fieldwork in Shidong,Southeastern Guizhou

乡土教育是传承和弘扬本土文化、培养具有文化根基的现代人、促进农村地区经济发展和社会进步的重要手段,在我国教育改革中长期受到重视。然而,以地方性知识传承和再生产为基础的乡土教育,在现代化进程中逐渐失去了稳固依托。既往研究主要将学校视为乡土教育的实施者,焦点多集中于教材、课程、师资与政策方面,而对作为乡村地方性知识传承主要载体的社区缺乏关注。乡村博物馆是促进乡土教育和地方性知识传承的重要社区力量之一,其位育价值尚未充分挖掘。本研究通过田野调查发现,乡土教育、地方性知识和乡村博物馆之间存在互嵌共生关系。借助地方性知识的纽带作用,乡村博物馆不仅可成为乡村儿童展示自我的舞台,陪伴成长的公共空间,传习非遗、培育乡土情感的场域,还可作为推动文化交流、扩大乡土教育受益群体的“第三场所”。由此可见,发挥乡村博物馆的位育功能,是对构建乡村振兴与乡土教育融通的有益探索。

J Local knowledge education plays a pivotal role in the preservation and promotion of local culture,fostering individuals who are culturally grounded,and facilitating economic and social advancement in rural regions.It has long been valued in China's educational reform.However,the education of local knowledge,aimed at the preservation and dissemination of indigenous knowledge,has gradually lost its solid support in the process of modernization.Previous studies have predominantly viewed schools as the primary implementer of local knowledge education,focusing on textbooks,courses,teachers,and policies,while overlooking the critical role of communities as the principal carriers for the transmission of local knowledge in rural settings.Rural museums emerge as significant community entities in advancing local knowledge education and its perpetuation,yet their educational potential remains underutilized.This study,through fieldwork in southeastern Guizhou,uncovers the symbiotic interplay among education,local knowledge,and rural museums.Leveraging local knowledge as a cohesive force,rural museums not only offer a platform for rural youth to express themselves,a communal space for their developmental journey,and a venue for the conveyance of intangible cultural heritage,thereby fostering a sense of belonging but also serve as a"Third Place"for enhancing cultural dialogues and broadening the scope of participants in local knowledge education.Thus,capitalizing on the educational capabilities of rural museums presents a promising avenue for the concurrent advancement of rural revitalization and local knowledge education.