223例青少年非自杀性自伤行为影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors for non-suicidal self-injury behavior in 223 adolescents

目的探讨青少年非自杀性自伤(NSSI)的影响因素,为早期发现与预防提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法选取2020年9月至2022年9月桐乡市4所初中及4所高中的青少年690名,每所学校每个年级随机抽取2个班级。采用青少年非自杀性自伤行为评定问卷(ANSAQ)筛选出NSSI行为人群。收集参与者的基本信息,比较NSSI与非NSSI人群的症状自评量表(SCL-90),初中NSSI组及高中NSSI组的ANSAQ评分;采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析筛选影响青少年出现NSSI的潜在危险因素。结果符合NSSI者223名,其中初中127名,高中96名;无NSSI者467名。与无NSSI组比较,NSSI组在性别、母亲文化程度、是否独生子女、是否有留守经历、是否寄宿、学习成绩以及是否有抑郁史等方面比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);NSSI组较无NSSI组的SCL-90得分明显升高(P<0.05);高中NSSI组在自伤频率、初发年龄、疼痛体验次数均高于初中NSSI组(均P<0.05);初中NSSI组在他人在场次数及抵制自伤次数均高于高中NSSI组(均P<0.05)。单因素和多因素logistic回归分析显示,留守经历、学习成绩及有抑郁史是出现NSSI的潜在危险因素。结论负性生活刺激(留守经历、寄宿经历、学习成绩差)、女性和抑郁史是导致NSSI发生的主要因素。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)among adolescents so as to provide a basis for early detection and prevention.Methods Adopting stratified random sampling method,from September 2020 to September 2022,a total of 690 students were selected from four middle schools and four high schools in Tongxiang City.Two classes were randomly selected from each grade of each school.The adolescent non-suicidal selfinjury assessment questionnaire(ANSAQ)was used to identify individuals with NSSI behaviors.General personal information of participants was collected using a general in formation questionnaire.The symptom check list-90(SCL-90)scores between the NSSI and non-NSSI groups,as well as the ANSAQ scores between the middle school and high school groups were compared.A univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify potential factors influencing NSSI of adolescents.Results Among the participants,223 met the criteria for NSSI(127 in the middle school group and 96 in the high school group),and 467 were classified as non-NSSI.Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the NSSI and non-NSSI groups in terms of gender,mother's education level,only-child status,left-behind experience,boarding status,academic performance,and history of depression(all P<0.05).The NSSI group had significantly higher SCL-90 scores compared to the non-NSSI group(P<0.05).The high school NSSI group had higher frequencies of selfinjury,earlier onset age,and more instances of pain experience than the middle school NSSI group(all P<0.05).The middle school NSSI group had higher occurrences of self-injury in the presence of others and more methods of resisting self-injury compared to the high school NSSI group(both P<0.05).Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that left-behind experience,academic performance,and history of depression were potential risk factors for NSSI.Conclusion Negative life stimuli(left-behind experience,boarding experience,poor academic performance),female gender,and a history of depression are major factors leading to NSSI.