计划行为理论框架下农民宅基地退出意愿及其代际差异——江苏宿迁的调研证据

Farmers' Willingness for Rural Residential Land Withdrawal and Its Intergenerational Differences under the Framework of Planned Behavior Theory:Evidence from Micro Research in Suqian,Jiangsu

宅基地退出是当前农村宅基地制度改革的重要内容,引导农民自愿有偿退出对于实现耕地保护、促进城镇化进程和推动城乡融合发展有着重要的意义。文章以江苏省宿迁市595份农户问卷调研数据为样本,运用计划行为理论和结构方程模型,研究了农民宅基地退出意愿及代际差异。研究发现:(1)行为态度对农民宅基地退出意愿呈显著正向关系,新生代农民更容易受行为态度的影响;新生代农民更加注重子女的教育,而老一代农民更加关心居住环境。(2)主观规范对农民宅基地退出意愿呈显著正向关系,新生代农民更容易受到周围人群的影响,尤其是亲朋好友的影响。(3)感知行为控制对农民宅基地退出意愿呈显著正向关系,其对老一代农民影响更大;老一代农民在宅基地退出意愿上更关注存在的风险和社会保障,新生代农民则更加关注相应的专业知识和政策。(4)3个潜变量中对新生代农民影响最大的是行为态度,对老一代农民影响最大的是感知行为控制。基于此,提出应关注不同代际农民的差异性,提供更多的沟通途径,完善宅基地退出补偿评估制度,着重解决新生代农民子女教育和老一代农民养老问题,建立健全社会保障机制等建议。

Rural residential land withdrawal is an important part of the current system reform of the rural residential land,and guiding farmers to voluntarily withdraw from rural residential land with compensation is of great significance for realizing the protection of arable land,facilitating the process of urbanization,and promoting the integration of urban and rural development.According to the questionnaire survey data of 595 farmers in Suqian City,Jiangsu Province,this paper analyzes farmers' willingness for rural residential land withdrawal and its intergenerational differences based on the planned behavior theory and using the structural equation model.It's found that:1) Behavioral attitude has a significant positive relationship on farmers' willingness for rural residential land withdrawal,and the new generation of farmers is more likely to be affected by behavioral attitude.The new generation of farmers pays more attention to their children's education,while the older generation of farmers is more concerned about the living environment.2) Subjective norm has a significant positive relationship on farmers' willingness for rural residential land withdrawal,and new generation farmers are more likely to be influenced by people around them,especially the influence of family and friends.3) Perceived behavioral control has a significant positive relationship on farmers' willingness for rural residential land withdrawal,and it has a greater impact on the older generation of farmers.The older generation of farmers are more concerned about the existence of risks and social security in their willingness for rural residential land withdrawal,and the new generation of farmers are more concerned about the corresponding professional knowledge and policies.4) Of the three latent variables,behavioral attitude has the greatest impact on the new generation of farmers,and perceived behavioral control has the greatest impact on the older generation of farmers.Based on the above,it is recommended that government departments should pay attention to the differences between different generations of farmers,provide more communication channels,improve the compensation and evaluation system for the rural residential land withdrawal,focus on solving the education problems of the children of the new generation of farmers and the old-age pension problems of the older generation of farmers,and establish a sound social security mechanism.