食管癌新辅助免疫治疗研究进展

Research progress of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal cancer

食管癌有着较高的发病率以及死亡率,使大众身体健康受到严重威胁。目前而言,手术仍然是治疗可切除食管癌的首选治疗方式,但是在局部晚期的食管癌患者中,单纯手术治疗的效果并不乐观,因此手术配合化疗及免疫治疗为主的综合治疗是现今公认的最佳方案。它的作用原理主要是通过阻断免疫检查点,抵抗肿瘤对免疫的抑制,起到将肿物缩小及防止复发的作用。现在有多项临床试验也正在探索新辅助免疫治疗联合化疗用于治疗食管癌患者的应用模式,但仍缺乏远期预后,而且目前也尚未明确潜在受益人群以及合理的治疗方案和疗程等问题。该文对新辅助免疫治疗在食管癌中的作用机制、研究现状以及与治疗相关常见问题进行综述。

Esophageal cancer has a high incidence rate and mortality,which also makes public health seriously threatened.At present,surgery is still the first choice for the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer.However,among the patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,the effect of surgical treatment alone is not optimistic.Therefore,the comprehensive treatment of surgery combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy is now recognized as the best plan.Its principle of action is mainly to block the immune checkpoint,resist the tumor's suppression of immunity,reduce the tumor and prevent its recurrence.At present,many clinical trials are also exploring the application mode of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer patients,but there is still a lack of long-term prognosis,as well as problems such as the potential beneficiaries,reasonable treatment plan and course of treatment.This article reviews the mechanism,research status and common problems related to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.