综采掘工作面降尘喷嘴雾化特性试验及应用效果分析

Atomization characteristic test and application effect analysis of dust removal nozzle in fully-mechanized mining face

针对煤矿综采掘工作面产尘量大和降尘效果不理想的问题,利用风流—雾滴—粉尘三相耦合试验系统对多种类型参数降尘喷嘴开展多因素扰动下雾化特性试验;在喷雾压力2~8 MPa下进行宏观雾化特性分析,优选得到雾化角较大、有效射程较远且流量相对较小的喷嘴,并在风流、压力以及自身结构等因素扰动下进行雾滴粒径—速度等细观雾化特性与喷雾降尘效率试验;优选得到E类型2.0 mm实心圆锥形广角喷嘴,可以用于综采掘工作面液压支架负压卷吸除尘器和掘进机负压雾幕降尘。经现场应用后,综放工作面粉尘浓度总降尘效率≥91.4%,呼吸性粉尘降尘率≥85.7%;综掘工作面粉尘浓度总降尘效率≥93.4%,呼吸性粉尘降尘率≥86.7%;改善了综采掘工作面粉尘危害和作业环境,并为煤矿粉尘治理提供了技术支撑。

Aiming at the problems of large dust production and unsatisfactory dust removal effect in fully-mechanized mining face,the atomization characteristics of dust removal nozzles with various parameters under multi-factor disturbance were tested by the three-phase coupling test system of air flow,fog droplet and dust.The macroscopic atomization characteristics were analyzed under the spray pressure of 2~8 MPa,and the nozzle with large atomization angle,long effective range and relatively small flow rate was optimized.Under the disturbance of air flow,pressure and its own structure,the meso-atomization characteristics of droplets,such as particle size and velocity,and the atomization efficiency were tested.The E type 2.0 mm solid conical wide-angle nozzle was optimized,which can be used for the dust removal of hydraulic support negative pressure coiling dust collector and the negative pressure fog curtain of road header.After field application,the dust concentration of fully-mechanized caving face total dust removal efficiency was≥91.4%,respirable dust removal rate was≥85.7%;the dust concentration of fully-mechanized mining face total dust removal efficiency was≥93.4%,respirable dust removal rate was≥86.7%,improving dust hazard and working environment of fully-mechanized mining face and provides technical support for dust control of coal mine.